Сравнение эффективности энерготехнологий при использовании разных источников энергии

Abstract

The intensive development of innovative models of technology is ahead of the level of development of the methodological foundations of energy management. Problems arise when comparing the energy efficiency of electrical technologies and heat technologies, since different types of energy are used; there are no objective indicators of energy efficiency in various technologies of dehydration of raw materials. A methodology is proposed based on the hypothesis that objective results when comparing energy efficiency in the processing of raw materials can be obtained on the basis of a system analysis of the entire energy conversion chain from to finished product. It is proposed to use the indicator of the proportion of fuel energy in the finished product and the amount of moisture removed when burning 1 kg of fuel. This figure does not depend on fluctuations in energy prices, which is typical for Ukraine. The analysis of heat balances of the drying and evaporation plants. It is shown that with the same technical tasks the worst residue is many times more effective than the best drying. The structural models of in combined processes for the production of concentrated foods are presented. Calculated by the proposed method, the efficiency of use in the finished product energy of fuel in traditional schemes of drying, evaporation, cryoconcentration. A comparison of these parameters with the data for innovative models of technology developed in ONAT. The basis of these installations is the technology of targeted delivery of energy directly to moisture in the product. It is shown that innovative evaporators are not inferior in efficiency to traditional ones, but they allow to obtain concentrates up to 90 оbrix. Microwave dryers and block freeze installations significantly exceed traditional counterparts. So, for fuel with an oil equivalent of 40 MJ per 1 kg, traditional dryers can remove no more than 3 kg of moisture, and cryoconcentrators – 20 kg. Innovative, respectively, up to 6 and up to 100 kg of moisture.