Совершенствование качества автокузовных листовых деталей

Abstract

В статье предложена концепция совершенствования качества изготовления крупногабаритных листовых автокузовных деталей на основе минимизации уровня и равномерного распределения по поверхности пластических деформаций. Указано, что это снижает уровень остаточных упругих напряжений и определяемую им величину коробления (пружинения) детали. Показано, что снижение уровня и более равномерное распределение по поверхности пластических упругих деформаций может быть достигнуто с соблюдением показателей технологичности и импульсным характером нагружения заготовки при штамповке. Оценен диапазон стабильности параметров, определяющих стабильность амплитудно-частотных характеристик нагружающих импульсов.In this paper, the author has shown that the reduction of warping (the inevitable technological legacy) contributes to taking into account the peculiarities of the form-changing process. First of all, this includes the need for deformation without localization of deformation in certain parts of the part and the application of deforming efforts with a specific frequency for each material to create plasticity waves in the deformable mat erial. In modern stamping engineering there is a problem of increasing the accuracy of the geometric shapes of sheet metal parts and improving their functional proper ties by reducing the irregularity of their thickness (thinning). In many ways, this problem is due to the wider use of new strain -hardening sheet materials, the application of the traditional approach to their design, to a small extent taking into account the features of new methods of forming, for example, pulsed (electro-hydraulic, explosive) punching. Improving the quality of automotive body-sized large parts, determined by a decrease in their distortion, can and should be carried out in a complex way: when designing parts, it is necessary to take into account the features of the proposed manufacturing method or, otherwise, adhere to the indicators of the technological effectiveness of the design to a particular manufacturing method; for the manufacture of such parts, it is necessary to choose newer methods that reduce harmful technological heredity through their functionality. In particular, this corresponds to pulse shaping methods. Their consecutive local deformation is proposed. In this case, in a certain central region of the cavity, a local zone is formed with a minimum thinning in its center and a gradual decrease.