Визначення кінетичних параметрів для низькосортної фосфатної сировини України
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Дата
2015
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DOI
Науковий ступінь
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Шифр та назва спеціальності
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Установа захисту
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Видавець
Кременчуцький національний університет ім. Михайла Остроградського
Анотація
Україна здавна відома як один з найбільших виробників сільськогосподарської продукції, що пояснюється винятково сприятливими природно-кліматичними умовами, багатими ресурсами орних земель, серед яких зна-чну частину займають високо родючі чорноземні ґрунти. Потенціал виробництва продукції рослинництва може бути реалізований лише через високу родючість ґрунтів, поліпшення їх функціональних властивостей. Най-більш дієвим фактором підвищення врожаїв – є застосування мінеральних добрив. Мінеральні добрива – один з найбільш діючих засобів підвищення врожайності сільськогосподарських культур і впливу на їхню якість. Як-що найближчим часом не буде приділена особлива увага виробництву і реалізації фосфоровмісних добрив, врожайність сільськогосподарських культур катастрофічно зменшиться. В статті пропонується метод перероб-ки азотно-кислотної витяжки, отриманої розкладанням вітчизняної фосфоровмісної сировини з низьким вміс-том фосфору (V) оксиду нітратною кислотою, із залученням карбаміду. Визначені кінетичні параметри взаємо-дії карбаміду з азотно-кислотною витяжкою. Встановлено механізм взаємодії, та отримано ряд високоефектив-них азот-фосфоровмісних добрив.
The relevance of the work. Paper discusses a method of conversion acid extract obtained by the decomposition of domestic phosphate-based raw materials with low content of phosphorus (V) oxide with nitric acid, using urea. Ukraine has long been known as one of the largest producers of agricultural products, due to exceptionally favourable climatic conditions, rich resources of arable land, among which a considerable part is occupied by the highly fertile black soil. The potential for crop production can only be realized through high soil fertility and improving their functional proper-ties. The most effective factor in increasing yields is the application of mineral fertilizers. Mineral fertilizers are the most effective way of increasing crop yields and impact on their quality. If in the near future we won’t focus on the production and realize of phosphate fertilizers, crop yields will be catastrophically reduced. The purpose of this work is to develop a mathematical model of the process of interaction of urea with nitric acid extract that allows you to calculate the process parameters and the chemical reactor, and also to define the field of the process. Material and research results. With usage of the physical and chemical methods it was investigated the structure of the original phosphate. It was found that irregular granular, prismatic crystals are present, as well as transparent crystalline phosphates. Also are more large crystals of apatite, calcite, glauconite, quartz, and feldspars. The most appropriate method of processing of such raw materials is the decomposition of nitric acid. The result is a nitric acid extract of the following composition: (%wt.): [HNO₃] – 4-6, [H₃PO₄] – 12-13, [Ca(NO₃)₂] – 40-46, [H₂O] – 30-35, [Fe(NO₃)₃] – 2-3, [Al(NO₃)₃] – 2-3, [Mg(NO₃)₂] – 1-2, [NaNO₃] – 0,02-0,05, [KNO₃] – 0,5-2, [H₂SiF₆] – 0,3-0,5. We have conducted research on the interaction of nitric acid extraction with urea because of its ability to form complexes with inorganic acids and salts. In the resulting fertilizer set composition it was identified two types of fertilizer, wherein the content of the main components. Based on the data developed by the reaction of urea with nitric acid extract the first fertilizer is characterized by the predominance of CO(NH₂)₂•HNO₃ with admixtures of Ca(H₂PO₄)₂ and CaHPO₄, whereas for the second - CO(NH₂)₂•H₃PO₄ and Ca(NO₃)₂•4CO(NH₂)₂ with admixtures of CO(NH₂)₂•HNO₃ and Ca(H₂PO₄)₂. To select the optimal mathematical model and determine the kinetic parameters of the process a computer program was developed by differential equations. It is established that the process proceeds in a diffusion-kinetic region. Conclusions. The mathematical model allows to calculate the interaction process of the nitric acid extraction with urea in a wide range of technological parameters. The studied regularities of this process can be used to predication the obtaining of complex fertilizers based on nitrogen-acid digestion with urea.
The relevance of the work. Paper discusses a method of conversion acid extract obtained by the decomposition of domestic phosphate-based raw materials with low content of phosphorus (V) oxide with nitric acid, using urea. Ukraine has long been known as one of the largest producers of agricultural products, due to exceptionally favourable climatic conditions, rich resources of arable land, among which a considerable part is occupied by the highly fertile black soil. The potential for crop production can only be realized through high soil fertility and improving their functional proper-ties. The most effective factor in increasing yields is the application of mineral fertilizers. Mineral fertilizers are the most effective way of increasing crop yields and impact on their quality. If in the near future we won’t focus on the production and realize of phosphate fertilizers, crop yields will be catastrophically reduced. The purpose of this work is to develop a mathematical model of the process of interaction of urea with nitric acid extract that allows you to calculate the process parameters and the chemical reactor, and also to define the field of the process. Material and research results. With usage of the physical and chemical methods it was investigated the structure of the original phosphate. It was found that irregular granular, prismatic crystals are present, as well as transparent crystalline phosphates. Also are more large crystals of apatite, calcite, glauconite, quartz, and feldspars. The most appropriate method of processing of such raw materials is the decomposition of nitric acid. The result is a nitric acid extract of the following composition: (%wt.): [HNO₃] – 4-6, [H₃PO₄] – 12-13, [Ca(NO₃)₂] – 40-46, [H₂O] – 30-35, [Fe(NO₃)₃] – 2-3, [Al(NO₃)₃] – 2-3, [Mg(NO₃)₂] – 1-2, [NaNO₃] – 0,02-0,05, [KNO₃] – 0,5-2, [H₂SiF₆] – 0,3-0,5. We have conducted research on the interaction of nitric acid extraction with urea because of its ability to form complexes with inorganic acids and salts. In the resulting fertilizer set composition it was identified two types of fertilizer, wherein the content of the main components. Based on the data developed by the reaction of urea with nitric acid extract the first fertilizer is characterized by the predominance of CO(NH₂)₂•HNO₃ with admixtures of Ca(H₂PO₄)₂ and CaHPO₄, whereas for the second - CO(NH₂)₂•H₃PO₄ and Ca(NO₃)₂•4CO(NH₂)₂ with admixtures of CO(NH₂)₂•HNO₃ and Ca(H₂PO₄)₂. To select the optimal mathematical model and determine the kinetic parameters of the process a computer program was developed by differential equations. It is established that the process proceeds in a diffusion-kinetic region. Conclusions. The mathematical model allows to calculate the interaction process of the nitric acid extraction with urea in a wide range of technological parameters. The studied regularities of this process can be used to predication the obtaining of complex fertilizers based on nitrogen-acid digestion with urea.
Опис
Ключові слова
низькосортна сировина, азотно-кислотна витяжка, карбамід, кінетика, добриво, low-grade raw materials, nitric acid extract, urea, kinetic, fertilizer
Бібліографічний опис
Визначення кінетичних параметрів для низькосортної фосфатної сировини України / Ю. І. Вецнер [та ін.] // Вісник Кременчуцького національного університету ім. Михайла Остроградського. – 2015. – Вип. 4 (93). – С. 148-154.