Міжнародний трансфер інновацій технічних наук України у ХХ ст.

Abstract

Досліджено інтеграцію наукових досягнень українських учених у галузі електротехніки та механіки в міжнародну наукову сферу, що сприяло конкурентоспроможності інновацій і технологій української науки на світовому рівні. Розглянуто міжнародну діяльність професорсько-викладацького складу вищих технічних закладів України на початку ХХ ст. та розвиток міжнародної співпраці в академічних установах у подальші роки.The development of scientific research and the introduction of innovative technologies is impossible without scientific cooperation between scientists from different countries. An international scientific corporation can solve a broader scope of scientific tasks because science has a global character in its essence. During the XX century, the development of scientific and technical cooperation of Ukrainian scientists in the field of electrical engineering and mechanics was somewhat irregular and had different forms of cooperation. We can state that there were some achievements of Ukrainian scholars in the development of various aspects of international cooperation. The historiographical analysis illustrated that there are no special scientific works in which the international transfer of innovations, knowledge, and technologies of Ukrainian technical science would be a subject of separate scientific research. Investigation of source base and scientific literature was carried out based on the inclusion of data of general scientific and special research methods that provided a comprehensive character. The development of scientific research, the formation of the theoretical basis of technical sciences is associated with the discovery of higher technical educational institutions in Ukraine, which have become centers for the development of applied sciences and the basis for the creation of scientific collectives. From the first days, the foundations of international scientific and educational activities were laid in the institutions. Based on the experience of Europe in the organization of specialized technical schools and research work, the abroad business trips of the professional and teaching staff became traditional. A characteristic feature of the second half of the XX century became the intensive development of the industry with scientific support provided by collectives of academic institutions, higher technical schools, as well as sectoral institutions. An essential component of scientific research was the development of various forms of international cooperation. Based on the analysis of archival materials, it has been proved that the international cooperation of the Ukrainian technical-scientific community of the second half of the XX century developed in the following areas: participation in international conferences; conducting joint research based on bilateral agreements; exchange of scholars according to internship programs; participation in an international technical exhibitions; coordination of actual scientific problems; exchange of scientific and technical information; technical assistance.