Підвищення енергетичних показників електровозів змінного струму за рахунок адаптованої до системи електропостачання компенсації реактивної потужності
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Дата
2020
Автори
ORCID
DOI
Науковий ступінь
кандидат технічних наук
Рівень дисертації
кандидатська дисертація
Шифр та назва спеціальності
05.22.09 – електротранспорт
Рада захисту
Спеціалізована вчена рада Д 64.050.15
Установа захисту
Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут"
Науковий керівник
Ткаченко Віктор Петрович
Члени комітету
Омельяненко Віктор Іванович
Любарський Борис Григорович
Якунін Дмитро Ігорович
Любарський Борис Григорович
Якунін Дмитро Ігорович
Видавець
Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут"
Анотація
Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеню кандидата технічних наук (доктора філософії) за спеціальністю 05.22.09 – "Електротранспорт" 141 – електроенергетика, електротехніка та електромеханіка) – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут" МОН України. Харків, 2020. Дисертація присвячена створенню наукових основ вибору оптимальних параметрів та режимів роботи системи компенсації реактивної потужності на електровозах змінного струму та адаптації роботи системи компенсації до параметрів тягового електропостачання.
Для виконання досліджень розроблені математичні та програмно-орієнтовані моделі роботи тягового та допоміжного приводу електровозу змінного струму (на прикладі електровозу ВЛ-80К). Відмінними особливостями цих моделей є можливість врахування взаємного впливу роботи тягового приводу і допоміжних агрегатів та режимів роботи електровозу. Виконано експериментальне підтвердження адекватності розроблених імітаційних моделей з реальним тяговим та допоміжним приводом для рухомого складу. На основі розроблених моделей досліджено електромагнітні процеси в тяговому та допоміжному приводах, що дозволило якісно та кількісно їх оцінити. Розроблено силову схему гібридного КРП та схему керування його активної частини. Основою системи керування є метод визначення спектрального складу тягового струму на основі алгоритму Левінсона-Дарбіна, що дозволить адаптувати роботу компенсатора до параметрів системи електропостачання. Запропоновано в системі допоміжного приводу застосувати статичний перетворювач замість фазорозчіплювача. Розрахунок втрат повної потужності до та після модернізації підтвердив економічну доцільність впровадження компенсатора реактивної потужності та застосування статичного перетворювача в системі допоміжних машин замість фазорозчіплювача. Розроблені наукові положення є ефективним інструментом модернізації існуючого парку вантажних електровозів змінного струму серій ВЛ-80Т та ВЛ-80К і створення нового електрорухомого складу залізниць. Результати дисертаційної роботи впроваджені у "Науково-дослідному та конструкторсько-технологічному інституті залізничного транспорту" АТ "Укрзалізниця" (м. Київ), ДП "Український науково-дослідницький інститут вагонобудування" (м. Кременчук) та у навчальному процесі Державного університету інфраструктури та технологій (м. Київ).
Thesis for a Candidate Degree in Engineering (Doctor of Philosophy) in specialty 05.22.09 - "Electrotransport" 141 - Electric Power Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Electromechanics) - National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", MES of Ukraine. Kharkiv, 2020. The dissertation is devoted to creation of scientific bases of choice of optimum parameters and modes of operation of the system of reactive power compensation on electric locomotives operating on alternating current. The factors that have the greatest impact on the quality of traction power supply from the side of the electric rolling stock of alternating current are analyzed. Factors that cause the greatest distortion of the voltage form of the catenary include higher harmonic components, which are introduced into the traction power supply system by electric rolling stock. It is shown that such factors as poor current collection, passage of electric rolling stock of the feeder zone, the presence of several units of electric rolling stock in one feeder zone, modes of operation of electric rolling stock lead to the fact that the process of voltage change in the catenary is nondeterministic for the analysis of the spectral composition of the traction current of an electric locomotive, the application of classical Fourier transform methods is incorrect. Analysis of circuit solutions for compensation of reactive power consumed by electric rolling stock of alternating current showed that to date the most optimal solution is the use of hybrid compensators. In such compensators, the passive part reduces the phase shift between the voltage of the secondary winding of the traction transformer and the traction current, and the active part removes the higher harmonic components of the traction current. The active part of the hybrid compensator is a stand-alone current inverter and an inverter control system. The control system performs spectral analysis of the traction current, forms an algorithm for the generation of autonomous inverter higher harmonics, the same amplitude but antiphase to the higher harmonics of the traction current. Existing control systems use Fourier transform methods to determine the spectral components of the traction current, but in real operating conditions of the electric rolling stock they are incorrect. It is proposed to apply the methods of correlation spectral analysis to determine the spectral components of the traction current. Mathematical and program-oriented models of work of traction and auxiliary drive of an electric locomotive of an alternating current (on the example of the locomotive VL-80k) have been created. The unique features of these models are the ability to take into account the mutual influence of the traction and auxiliary drives and the operating modes of electric locomotives. The technique of calculating the parameters of asynchronous motors for asymmetrical stator windings has been improved. The relationship between such parameters as the scattering inductance and the mutual inductance with the geometric parameters of the windings is shown. This technique was used to create a mathematical model for the drive of auxiliary machines, in particular for the simulation of the phase splitter. It is proposed to investigate electrodynamic processes in auxiliary machine actuators in steady state operation, to replace the phase splitter with an asymmetrical voltage system that feeds the motors of fans. The mutual influence of traction actuator and auxiliary motors operation was investigated. The results of the study made it possible to clarify the spectral composition of the current in the traction and auxiliary drive circuits. The use of a hybrid reactive power compensator in traction drive circuits is substantiated. The elements of the passive and active part of the compensator are calculated. A control system for the active part of the reactive power compensator has been developed, which is based on the block of determination of harmonic components of traction current and suppression in the current spectrum of zero and higher harmonic components. A new scientific approach to the determination of the spectral components of the traction current is proposed. It is based on the application of the linear prediction method of Levinson-Darbin. This approach allows to take into account the random nature of the voltage and, as a consequence, the traction current, and to adapt the work of the compensator to the voltage of the contact network. The application of this approach also allows taking into account such factors as the nature of the mode of operation of the electric locomotive, the passage of the boundaries of the sections of the contact network, etc. Adjusted mathematical model of traction actuator when using of reactive power compensator, calculated and constructed amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency spectral characteristics of voltage and current on the traction winding of the transformer. The power factor of the upgraded traction actuator is calculated. The justified is use of a static converter instead of a phase splitter in the auxiliary drive power supply system. The system of mathematical modeling of the auxiliary drive of the electric locomotive is executed; the amplitude-frequency and phasefrequency spectral characteristics of the voltage on the winding of the transformer and the current flowing through the winding of its own needs are calculated and constructed. The power factor of the upgraded auxiliary actuator is calculated. The losses of active and full power in the traction and auxiliary drives of the locomotive were calculated before and after the modernization. The dependences of the efficiency and the power factor of the drives before and after the modernization were calculated. The results obtained indicate that the efficiency of the traction drive after the use of the compensator decreased by 0,6% a factor and the power factor increased by 3,2%. Auxiliary drive efficiency after upgrading increased by 1,5%, and power factor increased by 26,4%. The developed scientific provisions are an effective tool for modernization of the existing fleet of electric locomotives of the VL-80t and VL-80k series and the creation of a new electric rolling stock of railways. The results of the dissertation were implemented at the Scientific Research Design and Engineering Institute of Railway Transport of OJSC "Ukrzaliznytsya" (Kyiv), SE "Ukrainian Research Institute of Carriage" (Kremenchuk) and in the educational process of the State University of Infrastructure and Technology (Kyiv).
Thesis for a Candidate Degree in Engineering (Doctor of Philosophy) in specialty 05.22.09 - "Electrotransport" 141 - Electric Power Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Electromechanics) - National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", MES of Ukraine. Kharkiv, 2020. The dissertation is devoted to creation of scientific bases of choice of optimum parameters and modes of operation of the system of reactive power compensation on electric locomotives operating on alternating current. The factors that have the greatest impact on the quality of traction power supply from the side of the electric rolling stock of alternating current are analyzed. Factors that cause the greatest distortion of the voltage form of the catenary include higher harmonic components, which are introduced into the traction power supply system by electric rolling stock. It is shown that such factors as poor current collection, passage of electric rolling stock of the feeder zone, the presence of several units of electric rolling stock in one feeder zone, modes of operation of electric rolling stock lead to the fact that the process of voltage change in the catenary is nondeterministic for the analysis of the spectral composition of the traction current of an electric locomotive, the application of classical Fourier transform methods is incorrect. Analysis of circuit solutions for compensation of reactive power consumed by electric rolling stock of alternating current showed that to date the most optimal solution is the use of hybrid compensators. In such compensators, the passive part reduces the phase shift between the voltage of the secondary winding of the traction transformer and the traction current, and the active part removes the higher harmonic components of the traction current. The active part of the hybrid compensator is a stand-alone current inverter and an inverter control system. The control system performs spectral analysis of the traction current, forms an algorithm for the generation of autonomous inverter higher harmonics, the same amplitude but antiphase to the higher harmonics of the traction current. Existing control systems use Fourier transform methods to determine the spectral components of the traction current, but in real operating conditions of the electric rolling stock they are incorrect. It is proposed to apply the methods of correlation spectral analysis to determine the spectral components of the traction current. Mathematical and program-oriented models of work of traction and auxiliary drive of an electric locomotive of an alternating current (on the example of the locomotive VL-80k) have been created. The unique features of these models are the ability to take into account the mutual influence of the traction and auxiliary drives and the operating modes of electric locomotives. The technique of calculating the parameters of asynchronous motors for asymmetrical stator windings has been improved. The relationship between such parameters as the scattering inductance and the mutual inductance with the geometric parameters of the windings is shown. This technique was used to create a mathematical model for the drive of auxiliary machines, in particular for the simulation of the phase splitter. It is proposed to investigate electrodynamic processes in auxiliary machine actuators in steady state operation, to replace the phase splitter with an asymmetrical voltage system that feeds the motors of fans. The mutual influence of traction actuator and auxiliary motors operation was investigated. The results of the study made it possible to clarify the spectral composition of the current in the traction and auxiliary drive circuits. The use of a hybrid reactive power compensator in traction drive circuits is substantiated. The elements of the passive and active part of the compensator are calculated. A control system for the active part of the reactive power compensator has been developed, which is based on the block of determination of harmonic components of traction current and suppression in the current spectrum of zero and higher harmonic components. A new scientific approach to the determination of the spectral components of the traction current is proposed. It is based on the application of the linear prediction method of Levinson-Darbin. This approach allows to take into account the random nature of the voltage and, as a consequence, the traction current, and to adapt the work of the compensator to the voltage of the contact network. The application of this approach also allows taking into account such factors as the nature of the mode of operation of the electric locomotive, the passage of the boundaries of the sections of the contact network, etc. Adjusted mathematical model of traction actuator when using of reactive power compensator, calculated and constructed amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency spectral characteristics of voltage and current on the traction winding of the transformer. The power factor of the upgraded traction actuator is calculated. The justified is use of a static converter instead of a phase splitter in the auxiliary drive power supply system. The system of mathematical modeling of the auxiliary drive of the electric locomotive is executed; the amplitude-frequency and phasefrequency spectral characteristics of the voltage on the winding of the transformer and the current flowing through the winding of its own needs are calculated and constructed. The power factor of the upgraded auxiliary actuator is calculated. The losses of active and full power in the traction and auxiliary drives of the locomotive were calculated before and after the modernization. The dependences of the efficiency and the power factor of the drives before and after the modernization were calculated. The results obtained indicate that the efficiency of the traction drive after the use of the compensator decreased by 0,6% a factor and the power factor increased by 3,2%. Auxiliary drive efficiency after upgrading increased by 1,5%, and power factor increased by 26,4%. The developed scientific provisions are an effective tool for modernization of the existing fleet of electric locomotives of the VL-80t and VL-80k series and the creation of a new electric rolling stock of railways. The results of the dissertation were implemented at the Scientific Research Design and Engineering Institute of Railway Transport of OJSC "Ukrzaliznytsya" (Kyiv), SE "Ukrainian Research Institute of Carriage" (Kremenchuk) and in the educational process of the State University of Infrastructure and Technology (Kyiv).
Опис
Ключові слова
автореферат дисертації, електрорухомий склад, електротранспорт, тяговий привод, допоміжний привод, коефіцієнт потужності, коефіцієнт корисної дії, нелінійність, несинусоїдальність, несиметрія, electric rolling stock, electric transport, traction actuator, auxiliary actuator, system of traction power supply, power factor, efficiency, higher harmonic components of voltage, phase splitter, nonlinearity, non-sinusoidal, asymmetry
Бібліографічний опис
Гулак С. О. Підвищення енергетичних показників електровозів змінного струму за рахунок адаптованої до системи електропостачання компенсації реактивної потужності [Електронний ресурс] : автореф. дис. ... канд. техн. наук : спец. 05.22.09 / Сергій Олександрович Гулак ; [наук. керівник Ткаченко В. П.] ; Нац. техн. ун-т "Харків. політехн. ін-т". – Харків, 2020. – 23 с. – Бібліогр.: с. 17-19. – укр.