Анализ параметров механических управляемых колебаний в системах перемещения изделия и сварочного инструмента автоматического оборудования для электродуговой сварки и наплавки

Abstract

The analysis of a number of known methods and methods for improving the structure of the metal of the deposited layer was carried out to obtain, during the arc welding process - surfacing, a significant effect on the crystallite sizes, and their orientation with achievement of disorientation. Some of these methods are complex, and some are not effective enough in industrial applications. In this paper, a method for controlling the structurization of a metal deposited by mechanized methods using oscillations of a product with adjustable parameters (frequency, amplitude) with the formation of a weld layer with improved mechanical characteristics and an increase in the performance of the welding process is considered. The technique for determining vibration parameters was developed and proposed for practical use in technological practice. It is based on a periodic change in the heat input to the bath metal, leading to a reduction in the difference between the melting temperature and the overheating of the liquid bath. The adequacy of the method of calculating the parameters of oscillations is confirmed by the obtained results. The confirmation is based on the study of microscopes of the deposited rollers in comparable versions (normal mode and mode with oscillations of the product), on which one can see changes in the sizes of crystallites (their apparent decrease) and their directivity towards disorientation. It is noted that the change in the size of crystallites, their disorientation leads to a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the deposited layer or weld, in addition, the width of the deposited layer increases significantly (by 30 ... 40%), and this increase in productivity. When conducting surfacing with fluctuations in the product with effectively selected parameters, significantly improved wear resistance characteristics. Increasing the strength and durability of the product during welding - cladding leads to an increase in reliability during operation, in particular, without the use of special materials and electrode wires. The method of surfacing of cylindrical parts along a helical line is highlighted, while solving the problem of providing a continuous layer of surfacing taking into account vibrations or a product or part. The installation design with a mechanism controlled by the frequency and scope (amplitude) of product oscillations in various directions, and the general functioning algorithm of the corresponding considered technique, allowing implementing the proposed surfacing method, is considered. A high level of control over oscillation parameters, speed were achieved by using gearless computerized drives with a stepper motors in the installation. The considered method of surfacing with fluctuations of products is quite effective, but has limitations on the mass and dimensions of the product.