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Документ Defining features in the kinetics of sodium carbonate-bicarbonate solution carbonization and the quality of the resulting sodium bicarbonate crystals(Технологический центр, 2021) Porokhnia, Mykola; Tseitlin, Musii; Bukhkalo, Svitlana; Panasenko, Vladimir; Novozhylova, TetianaThis paper reports a study into the influence of temperature and gas consumption on the carbonization kinetics (saturation with carbon dioxide) of sodium carbonate-bicarbonate solution. The study also examined the quality and speed of crystal formation in this process. This research is predetermined by the environmental problems faced by modern enterprises that produce purified sodium bicarbonate – an insufficient degree of carbonization and, as a result, excessive air pollution with carbon dioxide, which did not participate in the reaction during the process. This study addresses these particular issues. As a result of using specialized laboratory equipment, it was found that an increase in the absorbent temperature from 79 to 85 °C leads to a decrease in the maximum degree of carbonization of the solution from 64 to 59 %. In contrast, the quality of the resulting sodium bicarbonate crystals improves but only in the range from 79 to 82 °C. With a further increase in temperature, the quality stabilizes. It is shown that the carbonization rate increases with increasing specific consumption of the absorbent (carbon dioxide) and is characterized by a negative correlation with the value of oversaturation of the absorbent in terms of NaНCO₃. The quality of sodium bicarbonate crystals decreases with increasing gas velocity. Thus, it was reasonable to assume that the established dependence of the kinetics of carbonization of Na₂CO₃ and NaНCO₃ solution on the gas velocity in the apparatus is explained by the inhibition of СО₂ absorption, which is caused by the diffusion resistance of sodium bicarbonate crystallization. To improve the quality of crystals and the productivity of carbonization by reducing the supersaturation in terms of NaНCO₃, it is recommended to introduce a seed crystal in the zone of binding of crystals in the carbonization columns.Документ Development of safe technology of obtaining fatty acid monoglycerides using a new catalyst(ПП "Технологічний Центр", 2022) Bliznjuk, O. N.; Masalitina, N. Yu.; Mezentseva, Iryna; Novozhylova, Tetiana; Korchak, Mykola; Haliasnyi, Ivan; Gavrish, Tatiana; Fomina, Iryna; Khalil, Viktoriya; Nikitchenko, OlgaFatty acid monoglycerides are a valuable component of the products of various industries. The emulsifying ability of monoglycerides is used in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food production. The process of fatty acid monoglycerides obtaining by the reaction of vegetable hydrogenated fat (salomas) with glycerol (glycerolysis method) has been studied. Potassium glycerate is used as a catalyst, which is characterized by high efficiency and safety of production and use. A feature of the work is the study of the dependence of the yield and melting point of monoglycerides on the technological parameters of glycerolysis. As a raw material, hydrogenated refined fat according to DSTU 5040 (CAS Number 68334-28-1) was used: melting point – 48 °C, mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances – 0.08 %, acid value – 0.25 mg KOH/g, peroxide value – 2.8 ½ O mmol/kg. In all experiments, the glycerolysis temperature was 180 °C, the catalyst concentration – 0.5 % in terms of metal. Rational conditions for glycerolysis were determined: duration (90 min.) and glycerol concentration (50 %). Under these conditions, the monoglycerides yield was 32.9 %, melting point – 61.5 °C. The mass fraction of free glycerol in monoglycerides was 1.0 %, acid value – 2.2 mg KOH/g. The efficiency of monoglycerides obtaining using potassium hydroxide and glycerol mixture as a catalyst under certain rational conditions has been studied. The monoglycerides yield of 30.1 %, melting point of 59 °C were obtained. Therefore, the use of potassium glycerate catalyst is more efficient. The results of the study make it possible to improve the technology for the production of fatty acid monoglycerides using a new catalyst and use resources rationally.