Технологія безвідходної нейтралізації жирів водно-спиртовими розчинами карбонатів лужних металів

Abstract

The thesis for the candidate of technical sciences degree in specialty 05.18.06. – Technology of fats, essential oils and perfume-cosmetic products. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, 2016. The thesis is dedicated to the scientific substantiation of the perspective non-waste fat neutralization technology. It was confirmed experimentally that oil fatty acids can be neutralized with water-ethanol solutions of alkali metal carbonate to the norms in the acid number (< 0.2 mg KOH/g). Rational technological parameters of sunflower oil fatty acids neutralization with water-alcohol solutions of alkali metal carbonates were defined experimentally and using polynomial approximation. Effective reaction rate constant and the activation energy for each stage of interaction between fatty acids and water-ethanol solutions of alkali metal carbonates were calculated. Technology of fatty acids obtaining from soapstock using carbon dioxide was proved scientifically. The results of experimental studies proved that the sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids decomposition with carbon dioxide in certain rational conditions can exerted at a depth of over 90 %. The technology of non-waste fat neutralization with sodium carbonate or potassium water-ethanol solution with obtaining from soapstock the marketable fatty acids product which meet the requirements of regulatory documents were developed. Alkali metal carbonate water-ethanol solutions were proven to be used as cost-effective neutralizing agents in the technology of alkaline fats neutralization.