Современные методы термоэкономического анализа и диагностики холодильных машин и тепловых насосов

Abstract

В статье показано, что ограниченность энергетических методов анализа эффективности процессов термотрансформации обусловила развитие современных, более универсальных эксэргоэкономических подходов, позволивших учесть взаимосвязанное влияние структурно-геометрических и режимных характеристик холодильных машин и тепловых насосов на их экономичность. Анализируются два класса методов: алгебраический и численный с характеристикой их особенностей, достоинств и недостатков в зависимости от технологического назначения термотрансформаторов и условий их эксплуатации, определяющих степень реализации технического потенциала энергосбережения.The paper shows that the realization of the principles of energy saving with regard to cooling machines and thermal pumps based on the improvement of the structural and geometric performances of thermotransformers taking into consideration the interrelation and mutual influence of circuit elements turns out to be impossible when the traditional energy approach is used. This is related to the fact that the energy approach makes no difference between such conceptions as "heat" and "work". At the same time particularly that fundamental difference defined the prospects of exergic-&-economic methods that can be used for the estimation of the efficiency of thermotransformer circuits, in which energy acts as the universal characteristic of the thermal properties of the working medium. A short background of the creation of thermoeconomics based on the scientific papers written by G. Keenan, M. Tribus, R. Gaggiolli, B. Erlach, A. Valero, C. Torres, El-Saed, A. Benelem and M. Feidt has been given. Two classes of thermoeconomic methods, in particular algebraic and numerical have been analyzed. The theory of exergic cost, theory of exergic non–aggregate value, theory of average value, method of specific exergic cost, modified efficient structural analysis and the principle of local average costs were attributed to the first class. The thermoeconomic functional analysis, engineering functional analysis and structural analysis were attributed to numerical methods. The options of more efficient use of the above methods were considered depending on the structure and technological purpose of thermotransformers.