Аналіз вимог, що пред'являються до пожежних суден

Abstract

Проаналізовано вітчизняний та іноземний досвід проектування рятувальних і пожежних суден, наведені систематизовані дані та рекомендації з основних розділів проектування. Наведено вимог до розмірів конструктивних елементів пожежно-рятувальних катерів, що забезпечують для пожежних: зручність і безпеку посадки в катер по тривозі; необхідну маневреність, непотоплюваність, енергоозброєність; зручність роботи з протипожежним устаткуванням, розміщеним у відсіках катерів, при ліквідації надзвичайних ситуацій.

Domestic and foreign experience in a designing of the rescue and firefighting ships is analysed. General recommendations on the main structural units of the rescue ship construction and systematization of the engineering and functional requirements as well as main technical specifications have been collected and discussed. Small-size high-speed vessels and boats are designed and built as a multi-purpose ships, which have a lot of of structural differences from another and from the big ships because their design aimed on the solution of the specific tasks. The main trend in the development of small craft are in use an engines with large redundant power capacity that makes possibility to achieve higher velocities of boat movement and also leads to high specific power of a whole craft. In addition to the power requirements some other functional peculiarities should be realized in the rescue crafts. These requirements imposed the size and shape of the structural elements of fire and rescue crafts, providing for firefighters: convenience and safety of the craft boarding; itsmobility, unsinkable and the usability of the fire-fighting and emergency equipment. In the paper detailed analysis of these requirements are described. The dependence of the fire and rescue craft length on their tonnage and power has been presented for the models available in practice. The work presents a structured specification of the technical requirements for the fire and rescue crafts that will satisfy peculiarities of emergency rescue actions which must be organized from the rivers and lakes in Ukraine.