Анализ параметров мехнических управляемых колебаний в системах подачи электродной проволоки механизированного и автоматического оборудования для электродуговой сварки и наплавки

Abstract

The article noted the importance of solving the problem in welding - surfacing with mechanized or automatic equipment associated with the performance properties of the weld or weld layer, in particular, strength characteristics, wear resistance characteristics, etc. The analysis of existing methods and techniques that affect the structure of the metal of the weld or weld bead during arc welding with the use of electrode wire is carried out. Technical and technological solutions related to the operation of the main systems of welding and surfacing equipment in a controlled mode with pulsed operation algorithms are especially noted. The paper discusses the method of controlling the structurization of the deposited metal, deposited by mechanized methods using pulsed feeding of electrode wire with adjustable parameters of its movement (frequency, amplitude, duty cycle). A technique for determining vibration parameters, based on a periodic change in the heat input into the metal of the bath with a general decrease in their total value, was developed and proposed for practical application in technological practice and design practice. The main premise for solving the problem of reducing heat input is to reduce the difference between melting points and overheating. Reducing the difference between the melting and overheating temperatures due to the pulse movement of the electrode wire with the selected parameters by the parameters developed by the method leads to the restriction of crystallite growth and their disorientation. An important consequence of the use of pulse effects in the supply system is the degassing of the weld pool, as well as the reduction in the level of non-metallic inclusions. The adequacy of the method of calculating the parameters of oscillations is confirmed by the results obtained during surfacing for comparison with the pulsed and conventional feed of the electrode wire. The conclusion is made on the basis of studying the structures of the weld or weld metal on microsections with the identification of the sizes and orientation of crystallites.The study of the influence of the parameters of the pulse feed, with the functioning algorithm of the corresponding considered methods, allows to implement the proposed method of surfacing using a new pulse feed device, the design of which includes an adjustable computerized valve actuator of special development, made in Ukraine with a gearless gear. The method of welding and surfacing ultimately increases the strength of the welded joint, the wear resistance of the deposited metal layer, thereby increasing the service life of metal structures and working bodies of various machines and mechanisms. It is also important to reduce deformations, in particular when welding thin-sheet products without additional devices.