Економічне обґрунтування інвестиційної привабливості науково-технічних розробок

Abstract

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата економічних наук за спеціальністю 08.00.04 – економіка та управління підприємствами (за видами економічної діяльності). – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2019 р. Дисертацію присвячено вирішенню актуального науково-практичного завдання щодо розвитку теоретичних положень, методичного забезпечення іпрактичних рекомендацій з економічного обґрунтування інвестиційної привабливості науково-технічних розробок. У дисертації розроблено послідовність дій з економічного обґрунтування інвестиційної привабливості НТР. Базуючись на узагальненні проблем інвестиційної привабливості промислових підприємств, виділена проблема зіставлення альтернативних варіантів інвестицій в умовах багатокритеріальності; досліджені національні та світові класичні підходи з даної проблеми. Удосконалено методичний базис проведення комплексного аналізу інвестиційних проектів шляхом доповнення процедурами розрахунку системи показників впливу внутрішнього і зовнішнього середовищ, що підвищує точність визначення ефективності використання інвестиційних ресурсів та сприяє обґрунтованості управлінських рішень щодо реалізації НТР та доцільності їх фінансування.Thesis for scientific degree of candidate of economic sciences on specialty 08.00.04 - economics and management of enterprises (by economic activity). - National technical university "Kharkiv polytechnic institute", Kharkov, 2019. Dissertation is devoted to solving important scientific and practical tasks for the development of theoretical positions, methodological support and practical advice for economic assessment of investment attractiveness of scientific and technical developments. The thesis is developed action on а sequence efficiency evaluation of investment projects, which includes guidelines and formulas, giving the opportunity to make informed management decisions on improving effeciency of investment projects in the industry. In the dissertation the conceptual and terminological apparatus of interpretation of innovation and investment activity is clarified in order to clarify a number of concepts: "investment", the advantage of which is a set of the most important functions that form a direct connection with the realization of development of both the enterprise economy and the state in general; "Innovation and investment process", which takes into account the interdependence of investment and innovation, forming a single, holistic process of enterprise development, taking into account the internal and external environment and actualizing the understanding of investment attractiveness and its evaluation; "Investment attractiveness", as an element of economic category, which reflects the potential investor's appraisal of the combination of different levels of environmental factors, and, unlike existing interpretations, is seen not only as an ability of the company to attract investor attention and professionally interact with attracting investments, but to develop them and ensure the realization of different levels of interests, providing qualitative and quantitative transformations in its activities. On the basis of analysis of statistics of innovation and investment activity of macro and mesorivines of industrial enterprises, an ambiguous situation was revealed regarding the general investment climate and a number of shortcomings were identified (lack of a scientifically sound economic and social concept of development; legal instability; high level of inflation; unsatisfactory level of inflation; unpredictability of the environment; poor information support for investment; strong bureaucratization of management apparatus, etc.) that directly or indirectly affect the innovation and investment market of the country. The analysis of the country's innovation and investment situation from 2010 to 2018 proved the need to intensify all innovation and investment resources in order to ensure holistic investment attractiveness. Mathematical support of methods of estimation of investment attractiveness on the basis of cluster-intellectual data analysis is introduced, as well as the general method of statistical data analysis, which is used in many fields, including artificial intelligence, etc., which allows to formulate a multi-purpose optimization problem. The relevant clustering algorithm presented in the ACA software environment (Analytic cluster analysis) depends on the individual data set and the predicted use of the results, allowing to take into account the stochasticity coefficient, assessing the impact of economic and non-economic (production, material, personnel, or infrastructure) identify the taxonomy and priority of project implementation by optimizing their level of investment attractiveness. The scientific and methodological approach to a comprehensive assessment of the investment attractiveness of innovative projects and scientific and technical developments at the enterprise, depending on the level of costs and their importance, taking into account both economic and non-economic factors. It is proved that for analysis it is advisable to use multivariate factor, cluster analysis with subsequent consideration of stochasticity of factors of internal and external environment and integral index. The obtained indicator of investment attractiveness allows to increase the accuracy and reliability of evaluations in the decision-making process and the efficiency of the use of innovative investment resources. The method of analysis of investment projects in industry, built on the national methodology based on economic analysis taking into account the experience of countries with a market economy; the development of techniques saved significant national developments and world classical approaches to this problem. Improved technique of carrying out the rapid analysis of investment projects by calculating its procedures complement a number of indicators of internal and external environment, speeds up the process of determining the efficiency of the use of investment resources; the classification of technical and economic factors influence the effectiveness of the investment project, which has a positive effect on the validity of administrative decisions; mechanism to optimize investment decisions in the implementation of the project with the proposed method of analysis, which positively affects the decision on the appropriateness of financing of investment projects.