Оценка эффективности преобразования световых потоков солнечными коллекторами

Abstract

Представленная статья посвящена анализу и оценке эффективности преобразования солнечной энергии коллекторами, которые выгодно отличаются от традиционных кремниевых солнечных батарей существенно большими КПД. В зависимости от уровня солнечной инсоляции КПД коллекторов составляют от 40 до 80 %, а максимальные КПД кремниевых панелей не превышают 17-20 %. На основе уравнения энергетического баланса определены факторы, определяющие эффективность преобразования коллекторами энергии солнечного потока в тепловую. Показано, что поток оптимальных значений этих факторов целесообразно выполнять применяя методики многофакторной оптимизации.In the article conducted evaluation effectiveness of transformation luminous flux of solar collectors .The purpose for optimize operation of the solar collector is to increase its efficiency, and this should improve the efficiency of absorption of solar emission and reduce heat loss. Maximum efficiency is achieved between when the temperature absorber difference and the environment and the thermal losses are zero. Presented article analyzes the efficiency of conversion solar energy by collectors that compares favorably from the traditional silicon solar cells significantly greater coefficient of efficiency. Depending on the level of insolation collector efficiency ranged from 40 to 80%, and the maximum efficiency of silicon panels does not exceed 17-20%. On the basis of the energy balance equation we identified the factors that determine the conversion efficiency of energy of solar flux by collectors. Also, in the presented article we show that the flow of optimal values of these factors it is advisable to perform the technique using multivariate optimization. Taking into account the statistical data for the last 30 years defined operating modes of (air temperature and the level of solar insolation) collectors at different times of the year for the Kharkiv region. Thus we determined: calculation of the effectiveness is advisable to perform using a multi-factor mathematical model by multi-criteria optimization; the most efficient mode of operation of solar collectors are modes with minimum difference between the ambient temperature and the temperature of absorber. During selecting and designing the collector arrays for year-round operation modes of the solar installation, you must take into account the difference in the maximum and minimum levels of solar insolation. At the same time, the efficiency of the vacuum collectors is less dependent on ambient temperature changes than using flat collectors.