Електротехніка і Електромеханіка

Постійне посилання на фонд

https://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/62894

Журнал публікує оригінальні результати досліджень з аналітичного, чисельного та мультифізичного методів моделювання електрофізичних процесів в електротехнічних електромеханічних та електроенергетичних установках та системах, з розробки нових електротехнічних пристроїв і систем з поліпшеними техніко-економічними та екологічними показниками в таких сферах, як: теоретична електротехніка, інженерна електрофізика, техніка сильних електричних та магнітних полів, електричні машини та апарати, електротехнічні комплекси та системи, силова електроніка, електроізоляційна та кабельна техніка, електричний транспорт, електричні станції, мережі і системи, безпека електрообладнання.

Рік заснування: 2002. Періодичність: 6 разів на рік. ISSN 2074-272X (Print), ISSN 2309-3404 (Online).

Новини

Видання включене до Переліку наукових фахових видань України з технічних наук до найвищої категорії «А» згідно Наказу МОН України №1412 від 18.12.2018 р.

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A generalized physical principle of development of plasma channel of a high-voltage pulse spark discharge in a dielectric
(Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2024) Baranov, M. I.
Goal. Development of the generalized physical principle of development of plasma channel of a high-voltage electrical pulse spark discharge in the homogeneous dielectric of the different aggregate state. Methodology. Basis of physical optics, theoretical electrical engineering, electrophysics bases of technique of high-voltage and large pulse currents, bases of high-voltage pulse technique and measuring technique. Results. Development of physical principle of development of plasma channel of an electric pulse spark discharge is executed in a homogeneous gas dielectric on the applied example of the use in calculations and experiments of the double-electrode discharge system (DEDS) with a long air interval, testing action of standard interconnect аperiodic pulse of high-voltage of temporal shape of Tₘ /Тd ≈200 μs/1990 μs of positive polarity. The generalized formula is got for the calculation of total length of l c of the real way of development of an pulse spark discharge in an air dielectric, which allowed to formulate the offered physical principle in the following kind: "The plasma channel of an pulse spark discharge in a gas dielectric spreads from one of its points to other after a way length of l c, providing the least falling on it of electric voltage of Uc". It is shown that this principle in the first approaching can be applied and to the homogeneous liquid and hard dielectrics. Comparison of the developed physical principle of distribution of plasma channel of an electrical spark discharge is executed in a dielectrical environment with fundamental Fermat physical principle (a law) for distribution of light in an optically transparent environment, which specifies on mathematical likeness and closeness on destiny of these physical principles. Calculation estimations of falling of electric voltage of Uc on total length of l c of the real zigzag way of development in the air dielectric of DEDS a "edge-plane" with the least length of its discharge interval of lmin=1,5 m is presented, that a value Uc does not exceed 9 % from the experimental level of aggressive voltage of U≈611,6 кV in this DEDS for the аperiodic pulse of voltage of Tₘ/Тd≈200 μs/1990 μs. It is set that the estimated time of td advancement of leader channel of electric pulse discharge in air DEDS (lmin=1,5 m) on its real way total length of l c≈1,53 m makes t d≈15,3 μs, and experimental duration of cut of Tdc of the indicated аperiodic impulse of voltage utilized in experiments, characterizing time of short circuit by the plasma channel of discharge of air interval in DEDS, appears equal Тdc≈t d≈17 μs. Originality. The generalized physical principle of development of plasma channel of a high-voltage electrical pulse spark discharge is first developed in the homogeneous dielectric of the different aggregate state. Practical value. Application in electrical engineering practice and high-voltage pulse technique of the offered principle of distribution in the dielectrics of plasma channel of an pulse spark discharge will allow to develop both new and to perfect the existent methods of computer design of electro-discharge processes in the gas, liquid and hard insulation of different high-voltage electrical power engineering and electrophysics devices, directed on the increase of reliability of their operation. References 25, figures 5.
A maximum power point tracking of a photovoltaic system connected to a three-phase grid using a variable step size perturb and observe algorithm
(Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2023) Zerzouri, Nora; Ben Si Ali, Nadia; Benalia, Nadia
The production of electricity from solar energy is necessary because of the global consumption of this energy. This article's study is based on increased energy extraction by improving maximum power point tracking (MPPT). From different MPPT techniques proposed, the perturb and observe (P&O) technique is developed because of its low implementation cost and ease of implementation. Methods. A modified variable step-size P&O MPPT algorithm is investigated which uses fuzzy logic to automatically adjust step-size to better track maximum power point, compared with the conventional fixed step-size method. The variable step P&O improves the speed and the tracking accuracy. This controller is implemented on a boost DC-DC power converter to track the maximum power point. The suggested controlled solar energy system includes a boost converter, a voltage-source inverter, and a grid filter. The control scheme of a three-phase current-controlled pulse-width modulation inverter in rotating synchronous coordinate d-q with the proposed MPPT algorithm and feed-forward compensation is studied. Results. The photovoltaic grid-connected system controller employs multi-loop control with the filter inductor current of the inverter in the inner loop to achieve a fast dynamic response and the outer loop to control bus voltage for MPPT, the modeling, and control of three phase grid connected to photovoltaic generator is implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink environment and validated by simulation results.
A novelty approach to solve an economic dispatch problem for a renewable integrated micro-grid using optimization techniques
(Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2023) Manikandan, Krishnan; Sasikumar, Sivakumar; Arulraj, Rajendran
The renewable integrated microgrid has considered several distributed energy sources namely photovoltaic power plant, thermal generators, wind power plant and combined heat and power source. Economic dispatch problem is a complex operation due to large dimension of power systems. The objective function becomes non linear due to the inclusion of many constraints. Hourly demand of a commercial area is taken into consideration for performing economic dispatch and five combinations are considered to find the best optimal solution to meet the demand. The novelty of the proposed work consists of a Sparrow Search Algorithm is used to solve economic load dispatch problem to get the better convergence and accuracy in power generation with minimum cost. Purpose. Economic dispatch is performed for the renewable integrated microgrid, in order to determine the optimal output of all the distributed energy sources present in the microgrid to meet the load demand at minimum possible cost. Methods. Sparrow Search Algorithm is compared with other algorithms like Particle Swarm Optimization, Genetic Algorithm and has been proved to be more efficient than Particle Swarm Optimization, Genetic Algorithm and Conventional Lagrange method. Results. The five combinations are generation without solar power supply system and Combined Heat and Power source, generation without solar and wind power supply systems, generation including all the distributed energy sources, generation without wind power supply system and Combined Heat and Power source, generation without thermal generators. Practical value. The proposed optimization algorithm has been very supportive to determine the optimal power generation with minimal fuel to meet the large demand in commercial area.
Acceleration of exit to steady-state mode when modeling semiconductor converters
(Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2023) Yagup, V. G.; Yagup, K. V.
The purpose of the article is to develop a method and algorithm for the accelerated calculation of steady states of thyristor converters using computer models of converters based on the use of the theory of difference equations in the form of recurrent linear relationships for state variables on the boundaries of the converter periods. Methodology. The article is devoted to the solution of the problem of reducing the cost of computer time to achieve the steady state of the thyristor converter. For this, it is proposed to use difference equations, for which the values of the state variables at the limits of the periods of the converter's operation are taken as variables. These values are accumulated during the initial periods of the transient process of the converter, after which the coefficients of the difference equations are calculated, and the following limit values of the state variables are found using the defined difference equations. A program in the algorithmic language of the MATLAB system is presented, which implements the proposed method and algorithm compatible with the visual model of the converter. Results. The theoretical foundations of the proposed method and the area of its applicability are substantiated. Recommendations are presented for determining the number of periods of the flow process that must be calculated for further implementation of the method. An algorithm for forming matrix relations for determining the coefficients of difference equations with respect to the values of state variables at the boundaries of periods is shown. Matrix equations are given that allow calculating the parameters of the steady state. All stages of the algorithm are illustrated with numerical examples. Originality. The method rationally combines all the advantages of visual modeling based on the numerical integration of equations using the method of state variables for the periods of operation of the converter with the analytical solution of the recurrence relations obtained on this basis for the values of state variables at the boundaries of adjacent periods. Practical value. The proposed method makes it possible to reduce by several orders of magnitude the computer time spent on calculating the parameters of the steady-state mode of the converter and, at the same time, to significantly improve the accuracy of these calculations. The practical application of the method is very effective in research and design of thyristor converters of electrical energy parameters.
An adaptive controller for power quality control in high speed railway with electric locomotives with asynchronous traction motors
(Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2024) Chaib Ras, A.; Bouzerara, R.; Bouzeria, H.
Power quality in an electric railway system pertains to the dependability, consistency, and purity of the electrical power provided to different components and systems within the railway infrastructure. Assessing power quality offers considerable opportunities to improve the efficiency of railway systems. Problem. Managing the flow of active and reactive power effectively, decreasing harmonic currents, and addressing the negative sequence component are all critical parts of improving power quality for electrified rail systems. As a result, flexible AC transmission systems are the major means of minimizing or decreasing these difficulties. Purpose. This study describes a half-bridge reactive power railway power conditioner (HB-RPC) with a novel Ynev balancing transformer. HB-RPC is made up of four switching devices and two DC capacitors and the compensator’s stability is determined by the operating voltage of the DC-link. Any variations or imbalances in the DC voltage might cause the compensator to operate in an unstable manner. Novelty. Of a novel balanced transformer with HB-RPC in a high-speed railway system with two scenarios. Methods. The study utilized MATLAB/Simulink software for simulation purposes. The system integrates a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and a PI controller to optimize DC voltage, ensuring its constancy and balance, with the objective of improving the overall stability of the system. Results. The simulation outcomes illustrate the efficacy of the control approach. Through a comparison of results between scenarios (two and four trains) with the PI-basedHB-RPC and the FLC-based-HB-RPC, the system exhibits enhanced stability for the proposed railway system when employing the FLCbased-HB-RPC, compared to a controller based on PI. Practical value. The proposed configuration elucidates its role in enhancing both the dynamic performance of the system and the power quality of the three-phase rail traction chain.
Analysis and testing of internal combustion engine driven linear alternator
(Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2023) Arslan, Serdal; Mellah, Hacene
Introduction. Internal combustion engine technology has been considered for the alternator system in the last two decades. Especially when considering fuel diversity, reliability, portability, power density, research studies are increasing day by day. In this respect, interest has been focused on linear generator studies. Purpose. The goal of the research is to investigate the performance of a linear generator and its application to generate electrical energy from an internal combustion engine to solve the range problem of small electric powered vehicles. The generator, unlike a traditional generator, consists of a linear generator with a crank mechanism driven by an internal combustion engine. Originality. The configuration of the linear generator with internal combustion engine crank has not previously been reported. Methods. The numerical solution of the generator was carried out by the finite element method in the Ansys Maxwell software in a cylindrical coordinate system. The effect of stroke length and frequency on voltage and output power was investigated by monitoring an external electrical load. A prototype linear generator has been designed and produced considering the sizing dimensions. The configuration can be used in power-hungry applications and increase the range of small electric vehicles. Results. The results from simulation and practice are largely in agreement. Practical value. A practical mechanical system was built comprising a linear generator connected to a 2.2 kW internal combustion engine via a crank connecting rod for analysis.
Analysis of suitable converter for the implementation of drive system in solar photovoltaic panels
(Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2024) Themozhi, G.; Srinivasan, K.; Arun Srinivas, T.; Prabha, A.
Introduction. Photovoltaic (PV) systems gained immense attraction in the recent years since it produces electricity without causing environmental pollution through direct conversion of solar irradiance into electricity. Solar PV panels produce DC power. The magnitude of this DC power varies with temperature and irradiance of the sun rays. The DC supply from solar panels can be regulated using DC-DC converter and then can further be converted into the desired AC voltage by means of a voltage source inverter before being fed to an induction motor (IM). The speed and torque of an IM, fed from PV arrays, can vary due to the variation in the output power of the panels. Goal of this work is to improve the dynamic performance and reduce the torque ripple of Cuk converter-inverter fed IM drive system. The novelty of the current work proposes interleaved Cuk converter between solar PV DC source and the inverter. Purpose. To provide continuous current using an interleaved Cuk converter to the IM drive and in turn to reduce the torque ripple in IM. Methodology. Introduced an interleaved Cuk converter which is a blend of Cuk converters connected in parallel with each other between solar PV arrays and IM drive system. Originality. Simulation results are obtained for Cuk converter and interleaved Cuk converter fed IM drive by means of MATLAB. The hardware setup for the same IM systems is developed. Practical value. Simulation and hardware results are coincided with each other and it is subject from the simulation and hardware results that the interleaved Cuk converter-inverter fed IM system produced results superior than the Cuk converter inverter fed IM drive system. References 25, table 2, figures 22.
Analysis of the strategies for managing extended-range electric vehicle powertrain in the urban driving cycle
(Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2022) Lasocki, Jakub; Krawczyk, Pawel; Kopczyński, Artur; Roszczyk, Pawel; Hajduga, Arkadiusz
An Extended-Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) is a type of electric vehicle that uses an additional internal combustion engine (ICE) to charge the battery in order to provide the vehicle with a greater range than in electric only mode. Purpose. Analysis and comparison of the performance of EREV powertrain managed according to three control strategies: pure electric mode, hybrid mode with ICE constantly working, and hybrid mode with ICE working only at high power demand. Methods. The tests were carried out using a laboratory test stand that represented the structure of EREV powertrain. Liquefied petroleum gas was used as a fuel to supply the ICE. The test conditions were defined by a special driving cycle simulating urban driving. Results. Time series plots of selected parameters of electric motor, electrochemical battery pack, range extender generator and active load system. Practical value. Among the considered control strategies of EREV powertrain, the energy balance of the electrochemical battery is negative for a purely electric mode, significantly positive for continuous range extenders (REXs) operation mode and moderately positive for the mode with REX activation only in dynamic states.
Analysis of the thermal state of the electromagnetic mill inductor with oil cooling in stationary operation modes
(Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2023) Milykh, V. I.; Shaida, V. Р.; Yurieva, O. Yu.
An electromagnetic mill (EMM) for the technological processing of various substances, which is based on the stator of a three-phase induction motor, is being studied. The stator winding has an increased current density, so the mill is provided with a system of forced cooling with transformer oil. Problem. Currently, there are no works on the thermal state calculation of the EMM with the given design and oil cooling. Therefore, the study of such EMMs thermal state is relevant, as it will contribute to increasing the reliability and efficiency of their work. Goal. Formation of a mathematical model of the thermal state of the electromagnetic mill inductor and the analysis of its heating in stationary modes of operation with cooling by transformer oil. Methodology. The problem of calculating the thermal state, namely the temperature distribution in the main parts of the electromagnetic mill, is solved by the equivalent thermal resistance circuit method. The design of the EMM is provided in a sufficiently complete volume, and on this basis, a corresponding equivalent thermal replacement circuit is formed, which is supplemented by an equivalent hydraulic circuit of oil passageways. An explanation is provided for the composition and solution of the equations algebraic system that describes the distribution of temperatures by the constituent elements of the EMM. Results. The thermal calculation results of the electromagnetic mill showed that the maximum heating temperature is much lower than the allowable one for the selected insulation class. According to the hydraulic scheme, the necessary oil consumption, its average speed and the corresponding pressure at the inlet of the intake pipe are determined, which are at an acceptable level. It is noted that the rather moderate temperature state of the inductor and the hydraulic parameters of the oil path are facilitated by such innovations in the design of the EMM as the loop double layer short chorded winding and axial ventilation channels in the stator core. Originality. Now EMM thermal equivalent circuits with air cooling only have been presented. Therefore, the developed thermal circuit of the oil-cooled inductor is new and makes it possible to evaluate the operating modes of the EMM. Practical value. The proposed technical solutions can be recommended for practical implementation in other EMMs. Taking into account the identified reserves of the EMM temperature state, a forecast was made regarding the transition from its oil cooling to air cooling. But the use of air cooling requires a change in the design of the EMM.
Application of a wavelet neural network approach to detect stator winding short circuits in asynchronous machines
(Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2023) Sakhara, S.; Brahimi, M.; Nacib, L.; Layadi, T. M.
Nowadays, fault diagnosis of induction machines plays an important role in industrial fields. In this paper, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model has been proposed for automatic fault diagnosis of an induction machine. The aim of this research study is to design a neural network model that allows generating a large database. This database can cover maximum possible of the stator faults. The fault considered in this study take into account a short circuit with large variations in the machine load. Moreover, the objective is to automate the diagnosis algorithm by using ANN classifier. Method. The database used for the ANN is based on indicators which are obtained from wavelet analysis of the machine stator current of one phase. The developed neural model allows to taking in consideration imbalances which are generated by short circuits in the machine stator. The implemented mathematical model in the expert system is based on a three-phase model. The mathematical parameters considered in this model are calculated online. The characteristic vector of the ANN model is formed by decomposition of stator current signal using wavelet discrete technique. Obtained results show that this technique allows to ensure more detection with clear evaluation of turn number in short circuit. Also, the developed expert system for the taken configurations is characterized by high precision.
Application of whale algorithm optimizer for unified power flow controller optimization with consideration of renewable energy sources uncertainty
(Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2023) Laifa, Abdelaziz; Ayachi, Bilel
Purpose. In this paper an allocation methodology of Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) controllers, more specifically, the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is proposed. As the penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) into the conventional electric grid increases, its effect on this location must be investigated. Research studies have shown that the uncertainty of RESs in power generation influences the reactive power of a power system network and consequently its overall transmission losses. The novelty of the proposed work consists in the improvement of voltage profile and the minimization of active power loss by considering renewable energy sources intermittency in the network via optimal location of UPFC device. The allocation strategy associates the steady-state analysis of the electrical network, with the location and adjustment of controller parameters using the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) technique. Methodology. In order to determine the location of UPFC, approaches are proposed based on identification of a line which is the most sensitive and effective with respect to voltage security enhancement, congestion alleviation as well as direct optimization approach. The optimum location of UPFC in the power system is discussed in this paper using line loading index, line stability index and optimization method. The objective function is solved using the WOA algorithm and its performance is evaluated by comparison with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. Results. The effectiveness of the proposed allocation methodology is verified through the analysis of simulations performed on standard IEEE 30 bus test system considering different load conditions. The obtained results demonstrate that feasible and effective solutions are obtained using the proposed approach and can be used to overcome the optimum location issue. Additionally, the results show that when UPFC device is strategically positioned in the electrical network and uncertainty of RES is considered, there is a significant influence on the overall transmission loss and voltage profile enhancements of the network.
Approximate method for calculating the magnetic field of 330-750 kV high-voltage power line in maintenance area under voltage
(Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2022) Rozov, V. Yu.; Reutskyi, S. Yu.; Pelevin, D. Ye.; Kundius, K. D.
In order to organize effective protection of working personnel from the action of strong electromagnetic influence when performing work on live high-voltage power lines (HVPL), the existing methods of calculating the magnetic field (MF) need to be developed in the direction of their simplification during operational use. Goal. The purpose of the work is to develop an approximate method and a simplified methodology for calculating the magnetic field flux density near the surface of the 330-750 kV HVPL wires for the prompt determination of the safe distance of the working personnel to the surface of the HVPL wires at the current value of their operating current. Methodology. A new approximate method of calculating the flux density of the MF in the area of work on live HVPL based on the Biot-Savart law and determining the maximum values of the flux density of the MF on the axes of symmetry N of the suspension of N wires, which are decisive for the protection of working personnel, is proposed. Results. Exceeding the maximum acceptable level of the MF for individual power lines at their nominal currents, adopted in the European Union, and the need to implement measures to reduce MF were revealed. Originality. It is shown that the distribution of the 330-750 kV HVPL near N of its split wires with an error of no more than 2.5 % can be determined by the current of only one of the phases of the HVPL. This distribution of MF, which is uneven, is determined by the order of axial symmetry N with the maximum values of the flux density of the MF lying on the axes of symmetry N of the suspension of the phase wires. Practical value. The development of an approximate method and a simplified methodology for calculating the flux density of the MF near the surface of the wires of 330-750 kV HVPL, which allows you to quickly, without the use of a computer, calculate the safe distance to the wires of a specific HVPL at the current value of its operating current, as well as determine the necessary measures for the protection of personnel from the MF, which can be implemented either by physically limiting the minimum distance from the worker's body to the surface of the wires to a dangerous one, or by necessary reduction of the HVPL operating current during repair work. Verification. An experimental verification of the proposed method and methodology was carried out on a laboratory installation with a mock-up of a phase of a 330 kV HVPL from AC 400 type wires at 1500 A current, which confirmed the correctness of the proposed calculation relationships.
Axial flux machine with non-slotted TORUS-NS rotor type. Design and investigate for electric traction
(Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2023) Larbi, B.; Hatti, M.; Kouzi, K.; Ghadbane, A.
The drive electric motor is one of the key components in the traction chain of an electric vehicle. Traditional radial flux motors used in electric vehicles, which use permanent magnets or induction motors in an electric field, are experiencing significant development aimed at optimizing their weight and cost. However, it can only go so far, so switching to a completely different type of machine, such as an axial flow, might be a good alternative. The novelty to this item is an axial flux permanent magnet motorization with non-slotted TORUS-NS rotor (single interior stator with two external rotors North-South) type housed in the wheel of the vehicle; this allows power to pass directly from the motor to the wheel, increasing the efficiency of the motor. System complexity is also less, as the transmission, differentials and driveshaft are eliminated. Purpose is to equip the electric car and choose the motor adapted to the application and the available space. The smaller size and weight allows for a lighter vehicle and more batteries, thus increasing range. The focus on customization is because vehicle performance is so dependent on the quality of the vehicle architecture , battery pack and axial flux motor design. The results obtained are in good agreement of accuracy, in particular the flux density at the air gap. The investigation is carried out by the finite element method. Machine model was run on Maxwell 16.0 business code.
Bipolar DC output fed grounded DC-AC converter for photovoltaic application
(Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2023) Sindhuja, R.; Padma, S.
Introduction. In recent years the usage of electricity has increased tremendously as the electrical needs and loads got increased. Hence the researchers focused on the electricity generation from renewable sources in order to promote sustainable green environment. Owing to the lesser cost and more reliable high efficiency system with reduced use of equipments became prominent for the grid connected photovoltaic single phase systems. The novelty of this proposed converters are to reduce total power loss and to analyze the performance of the converter under various modulation index and to have lesser harmonics using sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique for both T-type and F-type inverter. Interest of the work is to merge two DC-DC converters which have same output voltage in order to have transformer less utilization of power. This has given pathway to develop a new DC-DC converter network by merging the common input nodes of CUK and SEPIC converter. Purpose. This similar structure of both converters made it easy to combine the input stages of and to get bipolar output. Methods. Here we can get bipolar output without the utilization of transformer which minimizes the overall size of the proposed system. In this paper, a combined CUK-SEPIC based grid connected transformerless inverter for photovoltaic application is suggested. Results. The suggested converter is simulated using MATLAB and the results were discussed. Further the circuit is extended with a 1 kW F-type inverter to demonstrate grid connection of the converter. Practical value. This converter can be implemented for photovoltaic applications for obtaining the bipolar DC output from the DC source.
Cascade sliding mode maximum power point tracking controller for photovoltaic systems
(Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2023) Hessad, M. A.; Bouchama, Z.; Benaggoune, S.; Behih, K.
Introduction. Constant increases in power consumption by both industrial and individual users may cause depletion of fossil fuels and environmental pollution, and hence there is a growing interest in clean and renewable energy resources. Photovoltaic power generation systems are playing an important role as a clean power electricity source in meeting future electricity demands. Problem. All photovoltaic systems have two problems; the first one being the very low electric-power generation efficiency, especially under low-irradiation states; the second resides in the interdependence of the amount of the electric power generated by solar arrays and the ever changing weather conditions. Load mismatch can occur under these weather varying conditions such that maximum power is not extracted and delivered to the load. This issue constitutes the so-called maximum power point tracking problem. Aim. Many methods have been developed to determine the maximum power point under all conditions. There are various methods, in most of them based on the well-known principle of perturb and observe. In this method, the operating point oscillates at a certain amplitude, no matter whether the maximum power point is reached or not. That is, this oscillation remains even in the steady state after reaching the maximum power point, which leads to power loss. This is an essential drawback of the previous method. In this paper, a cascade sliding mode maximum power point tracking control for a photovoltaic system is proposed to overcome above mentioned problems. Methodology. The photovoltaic system is mainly composed of a solar array, DC/DC boost converter, cascade sliding mode controller, and an output load. Two sliding mode control design strategies are joined to construct the proposed controller. The primary sliding mode algorithm is designed for maximum power point searching, i.e., to track the output reference voltage of the solar array. This voltage is used to manipulate the setpoint of the secondary sliding mode controller, which is used via the DC-DC boost converter to achieve maximum power output. Results. This novel approach provides a good transient response, a low tracking error and a very fast reaction against the solar radiation and photovoltaic cell temperature variations. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in the presence of environmental disturbances.
Comparative study between sliding mode control and the vector control of a brushless doubly fed reluctance generator based on wind energy conversion systems
(Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2022) Oualah, Oussama; Kerdoun, Djallel; Boumassata, Abderraouf
Nowadays, global investment in renewable energy sources has been growing intensely. In particular, we mention here that wind source of energy has grown recently. Purpose. Comparative study between sliding mode control and vector control of a brushless doubly fed reluctance generator based on wind energy conversion systems. Methods. This paper deals with conceptual analysis and comparative study of two control techniques of a promising low-cost brushless doubly-fed reluctance generator for variable-speed wind turbine considering maximum power point tracking. This machine's growing interest because of the partially rated power electronics and the high reliability of the brushless design while offering performance competitive to its famous spring counterpart, the doubly-fed induction generator. We are particularly interested in comparing two kinds of control methods. We indicate here the direct vector control based on Proportional-Integral controller and sliding mode controller. Results. Simulation results show the optimized performances of the vector control strategy based on a sliding mode controller. We observe high performances in terms of response time and reference tracking without overshoots through the response characteristics. The decoupling, the stability, and the convergence towards the equilibrium are assured.
Comparative study of 220 kV overhead transmission lines models subjected to lightning strike simulation by using electromagnetic and alternative transients program
(Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2022) Boumous, Samira; Boumous, Zouhir; Anane, Zahira ; Nouri, Hamou
In high voltage networks intended for the transport of electrical energy, lightning can strike an electric line striking either a phase conductor, a pylon or a ground wire, causing significant overvoltage on the transmission lines classified as stresses the most dangerous for transformer stations and electro-energy systems in general. Modeling transmission lines becomes more complicated, if the frequency dependence of resistance and serial inductance due to the effect of lightning strike in the conductors and in the earth is considered. The difficulty increases the fact that the parameters of the line can be defined and calculated only in the frequency domain, while the simulation of transients is wanted to be in the time domain. Problem. Several models (J.R. Marti, Bergeron, nominal PI, Semlyen and Noda) exist for the modeling of transmission lines, the Electromagnetic Transients Program/Alternative Transient Program software (EMTP/ATPDraw) gives the possibility to choose between these models which is delicate due to the fact that we do not have experimental results to validate and justify the choice among the models available in the software. In this context, practical value: the overhead transport line OAT-El Hassi (220 kV) of the city of Sétif located in the north east of Algeria is used for the modeling of lightning strike by using the EMTP/ATPDraw software. Originality. A comparative study of the investigation of a lightning strike on an existing high voltage transmission line by different models of existing lines in the EMTP/ATPDraw software library of this software. Results. It was concluded that the choice of the model of the line is very important given the accuracy and quality of the curves of the voltage presented at the different calculation points.
A comparative study of maximum power point tracking techniques for a photovoltaic grid-connected system
(Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2022) Louarem, Sabah; Kebbab, Fatima Zohra; Salhi, Houria; Nouri, Hamou
In recent years, the photovoltaic systems (PV) become popular due to several advantages among the renewable energy. Tracking maximum power point in PV systems is an important task and represents a challenging issue to increase their efficiency. Many different maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control methods have been proposed to adjust the peak power output and improve the generating efficiency of the PV system connected to the grid. Methods. This paper presents a Beta technique based MPPT controller to effectively track maximum power under all weather conditions. The effectiveness of this algorithm based MPPT is supplemented by a comparative study with incremental conductance (INC), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and fuzzy logic control (FLC). Results Faster MPPT, lower computational burden, and higher efficiency are the key contributions of the Beta based MPPT technique than the other three techniques.
Comparison of the effectiveness of thriple-loop and double-loop systems of active shielding of a magnetic field in a multi-storey old buildings
(Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2022) Kuznetsov, B. I.; Nikitina, T. B.; Bovdui, I. V.; Voloshko, O. V.; Kolomiets, V. V.; Kobylianskyi, B. B.
The issues of comparing the effectiveness of reducing the level of the magnetic field in a five-storey old buildings generated by a single-circuit overhead power transmission lines with a triangular suspension of wires using a thriple-loop and double-loop systems of active screening, which respectively contain three or two compensating windings are considered. Methodology. Spatial location coordinates of the compensating windings and the currents in the shielding windings were determined during the design of systems of active screening based on solution of the maximin vector optimization problem, in whith the vector of objective function is calculated based on Biot-Savart's law. The solution of this problem is calculated based on algorithms of multi-swarm multi-agent optimization. Results. The results of theoretical and experimental comparing the effectiveness of reducing the level of the magnetic field in a five-storey old generated by a single-circuit overhead power transmission lines with a triangular suspension of wires using a thriple-loop and double-loop systems of active screening, which respectively contain three or two compensating windings are presented. Originality. For the first time, the comparison the effectiveness of reducing the level of the magnetic field in a five-storey old using a thriple-loop and double-loop systems of active screening are considered. Practical value. From the point of view of the practical implementation it is shown the possibility to reduce the level of magnetic field induction in a five-storey old buildings to the sanitary standards of Ukraine for real overhead power transmission lines currents with the help of a synthesized double-loop systems of active screening. A double-loop active screening system is simpler in comparison with a thriple-loop active screening system when implementing.
Computational analysis method of the electromagnetic field propagation and deformation of conductive bodies
(Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2023) Lavinsky, D. V.; Zaitsev, Yu. I.
The electromagnetic field is an integral attribute of the operation of many technical and technological systems. The action of an electromagnetic field leads to deformation, a change in temperature, a change in the physical properties of the materials. Problem. High-intensity electromagnetic fields can cause such a strong deformation of conductive bodies that it can lead to irreversible shape change or destruction. This fact is used in a class of technological operations: electromagnetic forming. Here, both the workpiece and the equipment are subjected to intense force action. As a result, equipment elements may become inoperable. Goal. Creation of a computational analysis method of the electromagnetic field propagation in systems of conductive bodies and subsequent analysis of deformation. Application of this method to the study of processes in electromagnetic forming systems in order to determine rational operational parameters that provide the result of a technological operation. Methodology. A variational formulation of the problems of an electromagnetic field propagation and deformation of conductive bodies systems is used. Numerical modeling and analysis are performed using the finite element method. Results. In a general form, a system of resolving equations for the values of the vector magnetic potential and displacements is obtained. The influence of the electromagnetic field is taken into account by introducing electromagnetic forces. The results of calculations for a technological system designed for electromagnetic forming of curved thinwalled workpieces are presented. Originality. For the first time, a method of computational analysis is presented, which involves modeling within the framework of one design scheme both the process of electromagnetic field propagation and the process of deformation. Practical significance. The proposed method of computational analysis can be used for various technological systems of electromagnetic forming in order to determine the rational parameters that ensure both the operability of the equipment and the purpose of the technological operation - the necessary shaping of the workpiece.

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