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The article examines the concept of enterprise capital in view of the significant problems of the theoretical aspects of the capital structure. It is defined that the capital structure covers many aspects of not only financial, but also operational and investment activities. Theories of capital structure are considered. Four main theories are specified according to the evolution of the capital structure: the Modigliani and Miller theory, the peking order theory, the trade-off theory, and the agency theory. The authors substantiate such elements of the concept of capital structure of enterprise as: assets, debt, own funds, borrowed funds, profitability, financial sustainability, risk, financial reporting. On the basis of the carried out analysis of the main theoretical aspects of the capital structure of enterprise already studied by scientists, the most significant problems of formation of the optimal capital structure and the influence of age and size of enterprise on the construction of the structure are allocated. In addition, a separate role in the management of the company’s capital structure is played by its financial and investment policy. The capital structure is a powerful indicator of the impact on the ratio of return on assets and equity, determines the system of coefficients of financial stability and solvency and, ultimately, forms the ratio of the degree of profitability and risk in the process of enterprise development. In accordance with the specified circumstances, the main directions of improving the capital structure of the company are formulated as follows: improvement of accounts receivable; improvement of accounts payable; price management in interaction with suppliers; cost reduction; segmentation and credit risk analysis. As a conclusion, it is noted that the most important task of companies is to determine the optimal capital structure of the enterprise and its most effective use in order to improve the efficiency of the enterprise as a whole.

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