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Постійне посилання на розділhttps://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/35393
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Документ The results of surface wastewater treatment of a machine-building enterprise from petroleum product contamination(National Institute of Research and Development in Mechatronics and Measurement Technique, 2024) Bosiuk, Alona; Shkop, Andrii; Kulinich, Serhii; Loboiko, Viacheslav; Sakun, Antonina; Shestopalov, Oleksii; Filenko, OlesyaPetroleum pollution is an urgent and serious problem that has a negative impact on environmental safety and the state of the environment. Petroleum products that enter water resources cause a number of negative consequences, including water and soil pollution, reduced quality of natural ecosystems, as well as threats to biodiversity and human health. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of methods for treating surface wastewater of a machine-building enterprise from poll ution by petroleum products. In the course of the work, the results of cleaning the surface wastewater of the machine-building enterprise from pollution by petroleum products, samples of which were taken from the rainwater intake well at different depths – 30, 60 and 80 cm. A purification scheme has been developed and optimized, which includes the introduction of Al2(SO4)3 coagulant and A-19 flocculant into wastewater. Purification efficiency is achieved at about 95% at optimal reagent doses of 60-80 mg/L coagulant and 2-2.5 mg/L flocculant. The advantage of the conducted studies is the possibility of using the obtained data and methods for the analysis of wastewater with a similar composition of contaminants. It has been experimentally established that the simultaneous administration of reagents or the use of only one of them has lower efficiency and leads to insufficient purification of water from petroleum products. Neutralization of ion resistance contributes to the formation of coagulation structures, and to increase them it is recommended to use a flocculant to form and increase the size of aggregates. The results of the studies confirmed the prospect of using flotation to further separate the emerging petroleum flocculi, which allows to reduce the amount of reagents used and improve the efficiency of water treatment. The obtained data are important for practical application in the field of wastewater treatment from petroleum products at machine-building enterprises, contributing to the improvement of the quality of water resources and compliance with environmental safety requirements.Документ Improvement of the technology of fatty acids obtaining from oil and fat production waste(PC Technology center, 2022) Kalyna, Viktoriia; Stankevych, Serhii; Myronenko, Liliia; Hrechko, Andrii; Bogatov, Oleg; Bragin, Oleksandr; Romanov, Oleksii; Ogurtsov, Yuriy; Semenov, Evgeny; Filenko, OlesyaFatty acids are an important component in the pharmaceutical, food, chemical industries. The production of various types of products requires a certain purity and quality of fatty acids. To obtain these compounds, it is promising to use soapstocks, which are waste products of alkaline refining of oils. The peculiarity of the work lies in determining the effect of the process parameters of soapstock decomposition with sulfuric acid on the saponification number, which is an important production characteristic of fatty acids. The study used sunflower soapstock according to DSTU 5033 (CAS 68952-95-4) with a mass fraction of total fat of 69.5 %, fatty acids – 64.5 %. The soapstock was treated with a sulfuric acid solution at a temperature of 90 °C, the process duration was 40 min. Rational parameters of soapstock treatment were determined: concentration of sulfuric acid in the reaction mass is 80 %, concentration of an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid – 50 %. In the experiment interval, the settling duration of the reaction mass does not affect the saponification number of fatty acids. The settling time of 1 hour is effective for the isolation of fatty acids. Under these conditions, the saponification number of fatty acids was 186.4 mg KOH/g. The acids correspond to fatty acids of the first grade according to DSTU 4860 (CAS 61788-66-7): mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances – 1.2 %, mass fraction of total fat – 97.5 %, cleavage depth – 95.0 % oleic acid. The obtained data allow rational and most efficient use of the reagent – sulfuric acid. The results of the work make it possible to reduce the duration of fatty acids obtaining from soapstocks, since the efficiency of the process with the minimum duration of mass settling has been confirmed. The improved technology of soapstock decomposition makes it possible to obtain a valuable product – high-quality fatty acids under rational conditions.