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Документ Rational conditions of fatty acids obtaining by soapstock treatment with sulfuric acid(PC Тесhnology сеntеr, 2021) Sytnik, Natalia; Kunitsia, Ekaterina; Mazaeva, Viktoria; Kalyna, Viktoriia; Chernukha, Andrii; Vazhynskyi, Serhii; Yashchenko, Oleksandr; Maliarov, Murat; Bogatov, Oleg; Bolibrukh, BorysAs a result of alkaline neutralization of oils, a significant amount of soapstock is formed, the utilization of which creates an environmental and economic problem. The production of fatty acids from soapstock using sulfuric acid decomposition is investigated in this work. The peculiarity of the work is the determination of regression dependences of the yield and neutralization number of fatty acids on the soapstock processing conditions: temperature and duration. Soapstock obtained after neutralization of sunflower oil was used as raw material. Soapstock indicators: mass fraction of moisture – 15.4 %, total fat – 71.9 %, fatty acids – 64.5 %, neutral fat – 7.4 %. Rational conditions of soapstock processing are determined: temperature (90–95) °С, duration 40 min. Under these conditions, the fatty acid yield is 79.0 %, the neutralization number is 180.0 mg KOH/g. Quality indicators of the obtained fatty acids: mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances – 1.8 %, mass fraction of total fat – 97.0 %, cleavage depth – 64.5 % of oleic acid, the presence of mineral acids – no. Fatty acids correspond to fatty acids of the first grade according to DSTU 4860 (CAS 61788-66-7). An increase in the temperature and duration of soapstock contact with sulfuric acid increases the yield and neutralization number of fatty acids. This is due to a decrease in the viscosity of the reaction medium, an increase in the depth of cleavage of soapstock soaps with sulfuric acid, an increase in the intensity and duration of mass transfer. The developed rational conditions allow obtaining fatty acids from soapstock, which correspond in composition to fatty acids from refined deodorized sunflower oil. The results allow solving a number of economic and environmental problems associated with soapstock utilization and can be implemented in oil refineries and fatty acid production.Публікація Determination of the influence of natural antioxidant concentrations on the shelf life of sunflower oil(PC Тесhnology сеntеr, 2020) Sytnik, Natalia; Kunitsia, Ekaterina; Mazaeva, Viktoria; Chernukha, Anton; Bezuglov, Oleg; Bogatov, Oleg; Beliuchenko, Dmytr; Maksymov, Andrii; Popov, Mykola; Novik, I. O.The influence of natural antioxidants from different types of vegetable raw materials on the processes of oxidative and hydrolytic spoilage of sunflower oil during storage is studied. Plant antioxidants are more environmentally friendly and safer than synthetic ones. Green tea leaves and oak bark were used as vegetable raw materials. Water-ethanol extracts from vegetable raw materials were added to oil samples in experimental concentrations. The samples were stored in the laboratory conditions at the temperature of (20±2) °C. The study was performed for 5 months. The values of the acid and peroxide numbers were determined. The most effective blend of antioxidants showed the increase in the acid number from 0.12 to 0.20 mg KOH/g (concentration of green tea extract – 0.05 %, without the addition of oak bark extract). According to the values of the peroxide number, the most effective blends of antioxidants were the experiment points with the following green tea extract:oak bark extract ratio: (0.05:0.05) %, (0.025:0.025) %, (0.025:0.05) %, (0.05:0.025) %. To determine the induction period of oil and, accordingly, its shelf life under experimental conditions, the values of the peroxide numbers were used. It is rational to use extractives from oak bark and green tea under the following conditions: the concentration of each of the antioxidant extracts in terms of dry matter – (0.025‑0.04) %. The maximum induction period is 100 days. The efficiency of natural antioxidants in terms of the concentration of oak bark and green tea extracts is 0.05 and 0.025 %, respectively, was compared to the effectiveness of the corresponding concentration of one of the synthetic antioxidants – butylhydroxyanisole. When using butylhydroxyanisole, the induction period of oil was 65 days, and when using natural antioxidants – 74 days.Документ Identification of patterns in the production of a biologically-active component for food products(PC Тесhnology сеntеr, 2020) Kovaliova, Olena; Tchoursinov, Yuriy; Kalyna, Viktoriia; Koshulko, Vitalii; Kunitsia, Ekaterina; Chernukha, Anton; Bezuglov, Oleg; Bogatov, Oleg; Polkovnychenko, Dmytro; Grigorenko, Natalia; Polkovnychenko, DmytroThe study reported here has established patterns in the intensive technology for making a biologically active component (the sprouts of legumes) whose germination involved natural fruit acids (citric, malic, grape). The choice of high-quality and safe stimulants is important for the germination of different grain raw materials. Such substances are the fruit acids of natural origin. Their application has made it possible to obtain a high-value component for healthy foods, namely, the sprouts of a variety of legumes. The experimental research has proven the effectiveness of using fruit acids as the effective intensifiers and disinfectants for the process of obtaining the legume sprouts. It has been shown that their use makes it possible not only to intensify the germination of legumes but also contributes to the more active formation of sprouts, and disinfects the seedbed. Thus, the use of aqueous solutions of fruit acids at the concentration of 0.25–1.25 % led to an increase in the following indicators: the germination energy, by 4–7 %; the ability to germinate, by 5–8 %; the length of the sprouts, by 3–11 mm; the weight of the sprouts, from 1 to 12 % depending on the crop. In addition, the composition of the sprouts has been investigated, which confirmed the biological usefulness and rationality of their introduction to the composition of food products as a biologically active component. The reported study has shown that they contain the elevated content of amino acids (by 3–50 % depending on the amino acid), vitamins(В1, В2, В3, В6, В12, РР, Е, С, А), the high content of protein (32 %) and extractive substances (44 %). This testifies to the biological and nutritional value of the sprouts obtained using intensive technology. The investigated technology for making legumes sprouts is innovative. The sprouts obtained can become highly nutritious components for new health food products.Документ Development of amino acid balanced food systems based on wheat flour and oilseed meal(PC тесhnology сеntеr, 2020) Papchenko, Victoriia; Matveeva, Tatiana; Bochkarev, Sergiy; Belinska, Anna; Kunitsia, Ekaterina; Chernukha, Anton; Bezuglov, Oleg; Bogatov, Oleg; Polkovnychenko, Dmytro; Shcherbak, SergeyThe analysis of the main methods of increasing the nutritional and biological value of wheat flour has been conducted. Considerable attention is paid to the issue of adjusting the protein content in flour due to additives. The relevance of improving the amino acid composition of flour protein is emphasized. The feasibility of comprehensive studies for the development of food system formulations with a balanced amino acid composition based on wheat flour and oilseed meal is substantiated. The amino acid content has been experimentally determined and the biological value of raw materials proteins for food systems which are sunflower and soybean meal has been calculated. The mixture composition of sunflower and soybean meal with an improved amino acid composition has been scientifically substantiated. It has been found that the protein composition of the meal mixture is maximally close to the reference in terms of the content of leucine, lysine and the amount of sulfur-containing amino acids (methionine, cystine). The score of isoleucine, tryptophan, phenylalanine and tyrosine in the protein composition of oilseed meal is 1.1–1.47 times higher than the reference. The amino acid composition has been calculated and the biological value of the protein of food systems containing 80–90 % wheat flour and 10–20 % composition of soybean and sunflower meal with improved amino acid composition has been determined. It has been found that the formulation of the food system containing 20 % of the composition of meal mixture and 80 % of wheat flour has the greatest biological value in comparison with wheat flour. In this food system, the limited amino acids – lysine and sulfur-containing (methionine and cystine) are the closest to the reference one and are 67.68 % and 70.12 %. The fatty acid composition has been experimentally determined. The biological effectiveness of the fats of the developed food systems has been calculated. The closest to the fatty acid ratio recommended by nutritionists is the food system with a ratio of meal mixture: wheat flour of 20:80. The resulting formulations of food systems will be useful in technologies of flour products with high biological value.