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Документ Structural engineering and functional properties of vacuum-arc coatings of high-entropy (TiZrNbVHf)N and (TiZrNbVHfTa)N alloys nitrides(Institute for Single Crystals, 2019) Sobol, O. V.; Dur, Osman; Postelnyk, A. A.The effect of nitrogen pressure during the deposition of vacuum-arc (TiZrNbVHf)N and (TiZrNbVHfTa)N coatings on their phase-structural state, substructure and resistance to abrasive wear was investigated. It was established that in multi-element (based on high-entropy alloys) (TiZrNbVHf)N and (TiZrNbVHfTa)N coatings obtained in a nitrogen atmosphere in the range of nitrogen pressures PN = 2.5 ·10-4-4.5 ·10-3 Torr, a single-phase state is formed (based on cubic crystal lattice of structural type NaCl). The use of a multi-element composition with a single-phase state with a cubic lattice allows for (Ti-V-Zr-Nb-Hf-Ta)N coatings to achieve high microstrain values (up to 1.2 %) at low deposition pressure. It was found that high-entropy nitride coatings with low abrasive wear are characterized by a crystallite grain size of less than 50 nm, the absence or low level of texture perfection [111], and the presence of a rather high microstrain in crystallites (reaching 1.2 %). The reasons for the observed changes in the structural state and substructure of multi-element nitride coatings and their effect on abrasive resistance are discussed.Документ Formation of Superhard State of the TiZrHfNbTaYN Vacuum–Arc High-Entropy Coating(Allerton Press, Inc., 2018) Beresnev, V. M.; Sobol, O. V.; Andreev, A. A.; Gorban, V. F.; Klimenko, S. A.; Litovchenko, S. V.; Kovteba, D. V.; Meilekhov, A. A.; Postelnyk, A. A.; Nemchenko, U. S.; Novikov, V. Yu.; Maziilin, B. A.Complex studies of the formation of the superhard state in the TiZrHfNbTaYN vacuum-arc high-entropy coating were carried out. Based on the approach of the structural surface engineering, the regularities of the formation of the triads composition–structure–physico-mechanical properties depending on the supplied potential displacement are established. It is shown that the increase of Ub at the formation of a coating leads to a decrease of the relative content of a light (Ti) and increase of a heavy (Ta, Hf) metal components, which is determined by radiationally stimulated processes in a near surface region at the deposition. The formation of the single-phase state (based on the fcc of metal lattice) in the range Ubfrom –50 to –250 V and revealed the formation of the preferred orientation of the crystallites with the axis [111], which is perpendicular to the growth plane. The increase of the perfection of the texture with the [111] axis with increasing Ub is accompanied with an increase of the coatings hardness, which makes it possible to achieve the superhard state (H = 40.2 GPa) at Ub = –250 V.Документ Structure and Properties of Vacuum-arc Coatings of Chromium and Its Nitrides Obtained under the Action of Constant and Pulse High-voltage Bias Potential(Sumy State University, 2017) Sobol, O. V.; Postelnyk, A. A.; Mygushchenko, R. P.; Al-Qawabeha, Ubeidulla F.; Tabaza, Taha A.; Al-Qawabah, Safwan M.; Gorban, V. F.; Stolbovoy, V. A.To reveal the regularities of structural engineering of vacuum-arc coatings based on chromium and its nitrides, the influence of the main physicotechnological factors (the pressure of the nitrogen atmosphere and the bias potential) in the formation of coatings was studied. It was discovered that during the deposition of chromium coatings the formation of the texture axis [100], as well as the macrodeformation of compression is happening. The supply of a high-voltage negative pulse potential to the substrate increases the mobility of the deposited atoms and leads to relaxation of the compression deformation. As the pressure increases from Torr, the phase composition of the coatings changes: Cr (JCPDS 06-0694) → Cr2N(JCPDS 35-0803) → CrN(JCPDS 11-0065). The supply of high-voltage pulses leads to the formation of a texture of crystallites with parallel growth surfaces planes having d ≈ 0.14 nm. The structure obtained by pulsed high-voltage action makes it possible to increase the hardness of the coating to 32 GPa and reduce the friction coefficient to 0.32 in the "chromium nitride-steel" system and to 0.11 in the "chromium nitride-diamond" system. The results obtained are explained from the viewpoint of increasing the mobility of atoms and the formation of cascades of displacements when using an additional high-voltage potential in the pulse form during the deposition of chromium-based coatings.Документ Mixing on the Boundaries of Layers of Multilayer Nanoperiod Coatings of the TiNх/ZrNх System: Simulation and Experiment(Sumy State University, 2017) Sobol, O. V.; Meylekhov, A. A.; Mygushchenko, R. P.; Postelnyk, A. A.; Sagaidashnikov, Yu. Ye.; Stolbovoy, V. A.Using the complex of methods for attestation of the structural state in combination with computer simulation and measurement of mechanical properties (hardness), the influence of the period Λ on the mixing process on the interlayer boundaries of multilayer coatings TiNх/ZrNх is studied. The formation of two phases (TiN and ZrN) with one type of crystal lattice (structural type NaCl) is identified in the layers of multiperiodic compositions TiNx/ZrNx with a period of Λ = 20 ... 300 nm. At Λ = 10 nm, the formation of a solid solution (Zr, Ti)N, as well as a small volume of the TiN phase is revealed on XRD spectras. The presence of TiN component is due to the larger initial value of the layer based on titanium nitride. To explain the results obtained, the results of computer simulation of damage at the atomic level during bombardment by ions accelerated in the Ub field are used. The critical thickness of mixing (about 7 nm) in the TiNx/ZrNx system is determined upon condition that Ub = – 110 V. It is established that a decrease in the period from 300 to 20 nm leads to increase in hardness. The highest hardness of 44.8 GPa corresponds to the superhard state. It is established that the critical thickness of radiation-stimulated defect formation has a significant effect on the stress-strain state and hardness of coatings with a small Λ ≈ 10 nm. In this case, relaxation of the stress-strain compression state occurs and the hardness decreases. However, the formation of a solid solution, while retaining part of the unreacted layer of titanium nitride at Λ = 10 nm, makes it possible to obtain an ultrahigh (44.8 GPa) hardness of the coating.Документ Influence of the Bias Potential and the Pressure of the Nitrogen Atmosphere on the Structure and Properties of Vacuum-arc Coatings Based on the AlCrTiZrNbV High-entropy Alloy(Sumy State University, 2018) Sobol, O. V.; Andreev, A. A.; Gorban, V. F.; Postelnyk, A. A.; Stolbovoy, V. A.; Zvyagolskiy, A. V.The effect of the constant bias potential (Ub) supplied to the substrate upon condensation and pressure of the nitrogen atmosphere (PN) on the elemental composition, growth morphology, texture, and physical-mechanical characteristics of vacuum-arc (AlCrTiVZrNb)Nx coatings is studied. It is established that with increasing Ub from – 110V to – 200V, the axis of preferential growth of crystallites of the fcc phase from [100] to [110] changes. Such a change is accompanied by a decrease in the hardness (H) and the ratio H/E (where E is the modulus of elasticity). The conditions for the formation of the preferential orientation of the crystallites (axial texture) of vacuum-arc (AlCrTiVZrNb)Nx coatings and the influence of texture on mechanical properties are discussed. It was established that the change in PN in the range Torr basically allows to vary the degree of filling of the coating with nitrogen atoms. Based on the revealed regularities, the conditions for achieving high hardness for vacuum-arc coatings of nitrides AlCrTiVZrNb high-entropy alloy are substantiated. Because of the presence in the alloy of elements with a relatively low heat of nitride formation, in order to achieve high hardness, it is necessary to use deposition conditions with relatively low energy of bombarding atoms. The use of a low Ub = –110 V at the highest pressure Torr allows achieving an superhard state with a hardness of 44 GPa.Документ Structural Engineering of the Growth of Crystallites with a Predominant Orientation in Bilayer Multi-Period Vacuum arc Nitride Coatings(Sumy State University, 2018) Sobol, O. V.; Mygushchenko, R. P.; Postelnyk, A. A.; Onoprienko, E. V.; Syrenko, T. O.; Men'shikov, A. G.; Zvyagolskiy, A. V.The effect of the MeN (Me-Cr, Mo, Zr) layer composition in multiperiod vacuum-arc (TiAlSi) N / MeN coatings with a nanoscale layer thickness on the predominant orientation of crystallite growth in layer s and hardness was studied. It was found that phases with a cubic crystal lattice (structural type NaCl) in the layers of all types (TiAlSi)N/MeN coatings are formed, although for the MoN phase under equilibrium conditions a hexagonal crystal lattice is preferred. The interrelation between the structure of MeN and (TiAlSi)N layers is revealed, as well as the effect of the structural state on the coating hardness. Defining influence of the MeN layer on the formation of three structural states types was found: with a preferential crystallite growth with the texture axis [111]; with the texture axis [100]; the formation of a non-textured state. The highest hardness of 47.8 GPa was achieved in the (TiAlSi)N/ZrN multilayer coating with the texture axis [111].Документ Structure, Substructure, Hardness and Adhesion Strength of Multiperiod Composite Coatings MoN / CrN(Sumy State University, 2015) Grankin, S. S.; Beresnev, V. M.; Sobol, O. V.; Stolbovoy, V. A.; Novikov, V. Yu.; Lytovchenko, S. V.; Nyemchenko, U. S.; Meylekhov, A. A.; Kovaleva, M. G.; Postelnyk, A. A.; Toryanik, I. N.A comprehensive study of the influence of the thickness of the layers, Us and PN on the structural engineering to obtain high mechanical properties in multilayer composite MoN / CrN vacuum-arc coatings has been conducted by means of scanning electron microscopy with energy analysis, X-ray diffraction studies microindentation and scratch testing methods. It has been determined that in the studied Torr, the content of nitrogen in the coatings varies from 6.3 to 33 at. %, which leads even at the greatest nitrogen content to the formation of lower phase by nitrogen and isostructural CrN with the vacant sites in the nitrogen sublattice. The increase of thickness of the layers applied on the substrate in a stationary state promotes the increase of nitrogen content. Along with this, the lowest microdeformation and the average size of crystallites are formed at Ub = – 300 V, which defines the achievement of greater hardness of 35 GPa and high adhesion strength, which resists the destruction, Lc5 = 187.6 N.Документ The Influence of Layer Thickness and Deposition Conditions on Structural State of NbN/Cu Multilayer Coatings(Sumy State University, 2019) Sobol, O. V.; Andreev, A. A.; Meylekhov, A. A.; Postelnyk, A. A.; Stolbovoy, V. A.; Ryshchenko, I. M.; Sagaidashnikov, Yu. Ye.; Kraievska, Zh. V.The influence of the main physical and technological factors of structural engineering (layer thickness, nitrogen atmosphere pressure and bias potential) on the structural-phase state of the NbN/Cu coatings was studied. It was established that with an increase in the thickness of niobium nitride layers from 8 to 40 nm (in the NbN/Cu multilayer composition), the phase composition changes from the metastable NbN (cubic crystal lattice, NaCl structural type) to the equilibrium ε-NbN phase with a hexagonal crystal lattice. At low pressure PN = 7·10 – 4 Torr in thin layers (about 8 nm thick), regardless of the Ub, the NbN phase is formed. The reason for the stabilization of this phase can be the uniformity of the metallic fcc crystal lattice of the δ-NbN phase with the Cu crystal lattice. As the pressure increases from РN = 7·10 – 4 Torr to 3·10 – 3 Torr, a more equilibrium ε-NbN phase with a hexagonal crystal lattice is formed. An increase in the bias potential during deposition from – 50 V to – 200 V mainly affects the change in the preferred orientation of crystallite growth. In thin layers of the NbN phase (about 8 nm), a crystallite texture with the [100] axis is formed. In layers with a thickness of 40-120 nm, crystallites of the NbN phase are predominantly formed with a hexagonal (004) plane parallel to the growth plane. At the greatest layer thickness (more than 250 nm), the NbN phase crystallites are predominantly formed with a (110) hexagonal lattice plane parallel to the growth plane. The results obtained show great potential for structural engineering in niobium nitride when it is used as a constituent layer of the NbN/Cu multilayer periodic system.Документ Structural Engineering Multiperiod Coating ZrN/MoN(Sumy State University, 2016) Sobol, O. V.; Meylekhov, A. A.; Stolbovoy, V. A.; Postelnyk, A. A.Using the method of structural engineering by changing the thickness of the layers in a multiperiod ZrN/MoN system investigated the effect of the phase-texture state of the crystallites and their size on the hardness of the vacuum-arc coating. Is revealed a determining influence on the formation of ZrN layers preferential orientation growth [100] axis with a small layer thickness 7-20 nm (the deposition of 3 to 10 seconds). At high layer thickness determines the texture [311] crystallites are - Mo2N phase formed in the Mo-N layers. Pulsed high-voltage stimulation without changing the type of structural states for different layer thicknesses, leads to partial disorientation texture in thick layers. Hardness of coating with thick (80 nm) layers is 35-37 GPa. In small thickness layers pulse stimulation of atoms motility causes the formation of a planar structure with an average crystallite size of 4-9 nm in the layers, which is accompanied by increased hardness of up to 44 GPa.Документ The Effect of Constant and High Voltage Pulse Bias Potentials on the Structure and Properties of Vacuum-Arc (TiVZrNbHf)Nₓ Coatings(Sumy State University, 2018) Sobol, O. V.; Postelnyk, A. A.; Mygushchenko, R. P.; Gorban, V. F.; Stolbovoy, V. A.; Zvyagolskiy, A. V.The effect of constant (Ub) and high voltage pulse (Uip) bias potentials supplied to the substrate during condensation, on the structure and properties of vacuum-arc (TiVZrN-Hf)Nх coatings has been studied. It has been determined that the number and size of the drop phase decreases with increasing Ub. The use of Uip promotes a more uniform growth in the coating volume. It is shown that due to the increase of Ub from 0 to 200 V in nitride coatings of high entropy alloys, it is possible to change the growth texture [100] to [111]. This results in increased hardness from 32 GPa to 49 GPa. The supply of high voltage potential in a pulse form leads to a relative decrease in the average size of crystallites and the formation of a bi-texture state. Conditions and mechanisms of the preferential crystallites orientation (axial texture) of vacuum arc (TiVZrNbHf)Nх coatings and texture influence on mechanical properties have been discussed.