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Документ Structural engineering and functional properties of vacuum-arc coatings of high-entropy (TiZrNbVHf)N and (TiZrNbVHfTa)N alloys nitrides(Institute for Single Crystals, 2019) Sobol, O. V.; Dur, Osman; Postelnyk, A. A.The effect of nitrogen pressure during the deposition of vacuum-arc (TiZrNbVHf)N and (TiZrNbVHfTa)N coatings on their phase-structural state, substructure and resistance to abrasive wear was investigated. It was established that in multi-element (based on high-entropy alloys) (TiZrNbVHf)N and (TiZrNbVHfTa)N coatings obtained in a nitrogen atmosphere in the range of nitrogen pressures PN = 2.5 ·10-4-4.5 ·10-3 Torr, a single-phase state is formed (based on cubic crystal lattice of structural type NaCl). The use of a multi-element composition with a single-phase state with a cubic lattice allows for (Ti-V-Zr-Nb-Hf-Ta)N coatings to achieve high microstrain values (up to 1.2 %) at low deposition pressure. It was found that high-entropy nitride coatings with low abrasive wear are characterized by a crystallite grain size of less than 50 nm, the absence or low level of texture perfection [111], and the presence of a rather high microstrain in crystallites (reaching 1.2 %). The reasons for the observed changes in the structural state and substructure of multi-element nitride coatings and their effect on abrasive resistance are discussed.Документ Structure and Properties of Vacuum-arc Coatings of Chromium and Its Nitrides Obtained under the Action of Constant and Pulse High-voltage Bias Potential(Sumy State University, 2017) Sobol, O. V.; Postelnyk, A. A.; Mygushchenko, R. P.; Al-Qawabeha, Ubeidulla F.; Tabaza, Taha A.; Al-Qawabah, Safwan M.; Gorban, V. F.; Stolbovoy, V. A.To reveal the regularities of structural engineering of vacuum-arc coatings based on chromium and its nitrides, the influence of the main physicotechnological factors (the pressure of the nitrogen atmosphere and the bias potential) in the formation of coatings was studied. It was discovered that during the deposition of chromium coatings the formation of the texture axis [100], as well as the macrodeformation of compression is happening. The supply of a high-voltage negative pulse potential to the substrate increases the mobility of the deposited atoms and leads to relaxation of the compression deformation. As the pressure increases from Torr, the phase composition of the coatings changes: Cr (JCPDS 06-0694) → Cr2N(JCPDS 35-0803) → CrN(JCPDS 11-0065). The supply of high-voltage pulses leads to the formation of a texture of crystallites with parallel growth surfaces planes having d ≈ 0.14 nm. The structure obtained by pulsed high-voltage action makes it possible to increase the hardness of the coating to 32 GPa and reduce the friction coefficient to 0.32 in the "chromium nitride-steel" system and to 0.11 in the "chromium nitride-diamond" system. The results obtained are explained from the viewpoint of increasing the mobility of atoms and the formation of cascades of displacements when using an additional high-voltage potential in the pulse form during the deposition of chromium-based coatings.Документ Mixing on the Boundaries of Layers of Multilayer Nanoperiod Coatings of the TiNх/ZrNх System: Simulation and Experiment(Sumy State University, 2017) Sobol, O. V.; Meylekhov, A. A.; Mygushchenko, R. P.; Postelnyk, A. A.; Sagaidashnikov, Yu. Ye.; Stolbovoy, V. A.Using the complex of methods for attestation of the structural state in combination with computer simulation and measurement of mechanical properties (hardness), the influence of the period Λ on the mixing process on the interlayer boundaries of multilayer coatings TiNх/ZrNх is studied. The formation of two phases (TiN and ZrN) with one type of crystal lattice (structural type NaCl) is identified in the layers of multiperiodic compositions TiNx/ZrNx with a period of Λ = 20 ... 300 nm. At Λ = 10 nm, the formation of a solid solution (Zr, Ti)N, as well as a small volume of the TiN phase is revealed on XRD spectras. The presence of TiN component is due to the larger initial value of the layer based on titanium nitride. To explain the results obtained, the results of computer simulation of damage at the atomic level during bombardment by ions accelerated in the Ub field are used. The critical thickness of mixing (about 7 nm) in the TiNx/ZrNx system is determined upon condition that Ub = – 110 V. It is established that a decrease in the period from 300 to 20 nm leads to increase in hardness. The highest hardness of 44.8 GPa corresponds to the superhard state. It is established that the critical thickness of radiation-stimulated defect formation has a significant effect on the stress-strain state and hardness of coatings with a small Λ ≈ 10 nm. In this case, relaxation of the stress-strain compression state occurs and the hardness decreases. However, the formation of a solid solution, while retaining part of the unreacted layer of titanium nitride at Λ = 10 nm, makes it possible to obtain an ultrahigh (44.8 GPa) hardness of the coating.Документ Influence of the Bias Potential and the Pressure of the Nitrogen Atmosphere on the Structure and Properties of Vacuum-arc Coatings Based on the AlCrTiZrNbV High-entropy Alloy(Sumy State University, 2018) Sobol, O. V.; Andreev, A. A.; Gorban, V. F.; Postelnyk, A. A.; Stolbovoy, V. A.; Zvyagolskiy, A. V.The effect of the constant bias potential (Ub) supplied to the substrate upon condensation and pressure of the nitrogen atmosphere (PN) on the elemental composition, growth morphology, texture, and physical-mechanical characteristics of vacuum-arc (AlCrTiVZrNb)Nx coatings is studied. It is established that with increasing Ub from – 110V to – 200V, the axis of preferential growth of crystallites of the fcc phase from [100] to [110] changes. Such a change is accompanied by a decrease in the hardness (H) and the ratio H/E (where E is the modulus of elasticity). The conditions for the formation of the preferential orientation of the crystallites (axial texture) of vacuum-arc (AlCrTiVZrNb)Nx coatings and the influence of texture on mechanical properties are discussed. It was established that the change in PN in the range Torr basically allows to vary the degree of filling of the coating with nitrogen atoms. Based on the revealed regularities, the conditions for achieving high hardness for vacuum-arc coatings of nitrides AlCrTiVZrNb high-entropy alloy are substantiated. Because of the presence in the alloy of elements with a relatively low heat of nitride formation, in order to achieve high hardness, it is necessary to use deposition conditions with relatively low energy of bombarding atoms. The use of a low Ub = –110 V at the highest pressure Torr allows achieving an superhard state with a hardness of 44 GPa.Документ Structural Engineering Multiperiod Coating ZrN/MoN(Sumy State University, 2016) Sobol, O. V.; Meylekhov, A. A.; Stolbovoy, V. A.; Postelnyk, A. A.Using the method of structural engineering by changing the thickness of the layers in a multiperiod ZrN/MoN system investigated the effect of the phase-texture state of the crystallites and their size on the hardness of the vacuum-arc coating. Is revealed a determining influence on the formation of ZrN layers preferential orientation growth [100] axis with a small layer thickness 7-20 nm (the deposition of 3 to 10 seconds). At high layer thickness determines the texture [311] crystallites are - Mo2N phase formed in the Mo-N layers. Pulsed high-voltage stimulation without changing the type of structural states for different layer thicknesses, leads to partial disorientation texture in thick layers. Hardness of coating with thick (80 nm) layers is 35-37 GPa. In small thickness layers pulse stimulation of atoms motility causes the formation of a planar structure with an average crystallite size of 4-9 nm in the layers, which is accompanied by increased hardness of up to 44 GPa.Документ The Effect of Constant and High Voltage Pulse Bias Potentials on the Structure and Properties of Vacuum-Arc (TiVZrNbHf)Nₓ Coatings(Sumy State University, 2018) Sobol, O. V.; Postelnyk, A. A.; Mygushchenko, R. P.; Gorban, V. F.; Stolbovoy, V. A.; Zvyagolskiy, A. V.The effect of constant (Ub) and high voltage pulse (Uip) bias potentials supplied to the substrate during condensation, on the structure and properties of vacuum-arc (TiVZrN-Hf)Nх coatings has been studied. It has been determined that the number and size of the drop phase decreases with increasing Ub. The use of Uip promotes a more uniform growth in the coating volume. It is shown that due to the increase of Ub from 0 to 200 V in nitride coatings of high entropy alloys, it is possible to change the growth texture [100] to [111]. This results in increased hardness from 32 GPa to 49 GPa. The supply of high voltage potential in a pulse form leads to a relative decrease in the average size of crystallites and the formation of a bi-texture state. Conditions and mechanisms of the preferential crystallites orientation (axial texture) of vacuum arc (TiVZrNbHf)Nх coatings and texture influence on mechanical properties have been discussed.Документ The Influence of Layers Thickness on the Structure and Properties of Bilayer Multiperiod Coatings Based on Chromium Nitride and Nitrides of Transition Metals Ti and Mo(Sumy State University, 2018) Sobol, O. V.; Meylekhov, A. A.; Mygushchenko, R. P.; Postelnyk, A. A.; Tabaza, Taha A.; Al- Qawabah, Safwan M.; Gorban, V. F.; Stolbovoy, V. A.The influence of the layers thickness of bilayer multi-period coatings of the CrNx/MoNx and CrNx/TiNx systems on their phase-structural state, substructure, stress-strain state and mechanical properties was studied using methods of precision structural analysis in combination with computer simulation of implantation processes during particle deposition. It is established that a two-phase structure of CrN and-Mo2N phases of the structural type NaCl is formed in the multi-period coatings of the CrNx/MoNx system with a nanometer thickness of the layers. Because of the small difference in periods (less than 0.5 %) for Λ = 20 nm, the layers form a coherent interlayer interface. The use of small Ub – 20 V during deposition makes it possible to avoid significant mixing at interlayer (interphase) boundaries even at the smallest Λ = 10 nm. Nitride layers formed under conditions of vacuum arc deposition are under the action of compressive stresses. In the СrNх/TiNх system, because of the relatively large discrepancy between periods (more than 2.5 %), during the formation of the same structural components in the layers (CrN and TiN phases of the structural type NaCl), the epitaxial growth with period adjusting does not occur, even for the smallest Λ = 10 nm. The action of the deformation factor at the interphase boundary allows achieving an ultrahard state (with a hardness of about 50 GPa), which causes a relatively low friction coefficient. The obtained results on the formation of phase-structural states with the nanoscale thickness of layers of multi-period nitride coatings are explained from the position of minimization of surface energy and deformation energy.Документ Structural Engineering of the Multilayer Vacuum Arc Nitride Coatings Based on Ti, Cr, Mo and Zr(Sumy State University, 2017) Sobol, O. V.; Postelnyk, A. A.; Meylekhov, A. A.; Andreev, A. A.; Stolbovoy, V. A.; Gorban, V. F.The possibilities of structural engineering of multi-period vacuum-arc coatings based on nitrides of transition metals Ti, Cr, Mo, and Zr have been investigated by structural studies (X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy) in combination with measurement of hardness by indentation. The formation of phases with a cubic crystal lattice under nonequilibrium conditions under vacuum arc method of production. The supply of a negative bias potential of – 200V in mononitrides leads to the predominant formation of texture of crystallites with the [111] axis. The introduction of thin (about 10 nm) metal layers leads to a decrease in texture perfection [111] and texture formation [100]. This effect is associated with a change in the stress-strain state of nitride layers. It is determined that the composite multiperiod coatings (Me1N/Me2N)/(Me1/Me2) have a greater hardness and greater resistance compared to MeN/Me. For a multiperiod system with damping metal layers – (ZrN/CrN)/(Zr/Cr), superhard coatings with a hardness of 46 GPa were obtained.Документ А Computer Simulation of Radiation-Induced Structural Changes and Properties of Multiperiod ZrNₓ/MoNₓ System(Sumy State University, 2017) Sobol, O. V.; Meylekhov, A. A.; Bochulia, T. V.; Stolbovoy, V. A.; Gorban, V. F.; Postelnyk, A. A.; Shevchenko, S. M.; Yanchev, A. V.Influence of the period value Λ (at different negative potential Ub that supplied during deposition) on phase composition, structure, stress-strain state and hardness of multiperiod coatings ZrNₓ/MoNₓ is investigated by using complex methods of validation structural state at combined with microindentation. Formation in layers ZrNx and MoNx the phases with cubic lattice and preferred orientation of crystallites with axis [100] is established. Stress-strain state of compression with increasing Ub is amplified and reaches maximum value (– 6.7 GPa) at Λ = 20 nm and Ub – 110 V. Hardness of coating increases with decreasing Λ from 300 to 20 nm. Coatings that obtained with Λ = 20 nm and Ub – 110 V have the highest hardness 44 GPa. Relaxation of structural compressive stresses and decreasing hardness is happening at smaller Λ and larger Ub – 110 V (as a result of radiation-stimulated forming defect and mixing). Data of computer modeling of defectiveness at atomic level at bombardment of ions that accelerated in field Ub are used to explain the results.Документ The effect of the substrate potential during deposition on the structure and properties of the binanolayer multiperiod composites (TiAlSi)N/MeN (Me – Zr, Nb, Cr, Mo)(2018) Sobol, O. V.; Andreev, A. A.; Mygushchenko, R. P.; Stolbovoy, V. A.; Postelnyk, A. A.; Meylekhov, A. A.; Dolomanov, A. V.; Rebrova, Ye. M.It is proposed to use the multiperiod binanolayer composites (TiAlSi)N/MeN (Me-Zr, Nb, Cr, Mo) for controlling the structure, stress state and mechanical properties of a multi-element nitride (TiAlSi)N. The deposition of the layers was carried out by the method of vacuum-arc evaporation at different bias potentials on the substrate Ub = -110 and -200 V. It has been determined that mononitrides with a high Me-N binding energy in the binanolayer composite determine the crystallite growth in thin (nanometer) layers. The growth texture is formed in composites containing mononitrides based on transition metals with a relatively small atomic mass (Cr, Mo) at Ub = -110 V. The growth texture is formed at a larger Ub = -200 V when dealing with mononitride based on heavy metal (Zr). The greatest hardness is achieved in textured materials deposited at Ub = -200 V. This is typical both for a monolayer multi-element nitride (TiAlSi)N (hardness is 42.5 GPa) and for multiperiod nanolayer composites based on it (the highest hardness is 47.9 GPa for a composite (TiAlSi)N/ZrN).