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Документ An innovative component in generating efficiency of sunflower production(Publishing House "Baltija Publishing", 2021) Shyian, Dmytro; Ulianchenko, Nataliia; Honcharova, KaterynaThe introductory part emphasizes that since 2004, Ukrainian agriculture has gradually begun to crank up production. This is largely associated with the growth of crop production, including sunflower. During 2004–2020, gross sunflower yield increased by 3.1 times, and yield capacity – more than double. Research methods involve grouping a complex of agricultural enterprises following the cost value per 1 ha of the sown area and sunflower yield. To classify the enterprises according to the level of innovative production, the authors have put forward a method for determining the coefficient of innovation. The object of the study comprises the agricultural enterprises of Kharkiv region. The results of grouping following yield rate have made it possible to establish a direct dependence between the cost value and sunflower yield. In a group of enterprises with an average yield of up to 15 centners/ha, costs amounted to 9653 UAH/ha; in a group with a yield of 25.1–30 centners/ha – 14860 UAH/ha; with a yield of more than 45 centners/ha – 27518 UAH/ha. It has also been found that an increase in the rate of sunflower yield by 1 centner leads to an average profit increase of 307.9 UAH/ha. The grouping of enterprises by the level of costs per 1 sown area of sunflower has made it possible to assume that the nature of the relationship of a grouping indicator with profit margin is characterized by a nonlinear function. It has been determined that this function has a maximum when the cost increases by 16960 UAH/ha and the amount of profit – by 6199 UAH/ha. The paper has also marked that under such cost value, the value of sunflower yield should be equal to 29.8 centners/ha. The practical approval of the methodological approach to determining the coefficient of innovative development of sunflower production has shown that this indicator objectively conveys the rate of use of innovations in the manufacturing process. Enterprises that had a coefficient of innovative development above 1 were characterized by a much higher level of yield, profitability, and production intensity.Документ Household income as a factor forming potential demand on the market of organic products(2021) Shyian, Dmytro; Herasymenko, Yuliia; Ulianchenko, Nataliia; Velieva, Viktoriya; Kotelnikova, IuliiaThe purpose of the article is to analyze the situation of households in terms of income, expenditure, food quality, consumption of individual products and to assess the potential development opportunities for organic products market. Methodology / approach. The dialectical method of cognition, the systematic approach to the study of economic phenomena and processes, the monographic method (the analysis of scientific achievements of domestic and foreign scientists on the assessment of income, cost structure, quality of life) were used in the research. The abstract-logical method (for theoretical generalizations and formulation of conclusions), the economic-statistical method (when assessing the reliability of differences between groups of households), the graphic method (when constructing graphical images), correlation analysis (to make a correlation between the level of consumption of meat and meat products based on the amount of income in the households) were used among the special methods of research. To assess the actual state of affairs, the authors used data from the statistical observation regarding the level of income and expenditures of the population of Ukraine according to 2018, which was called “Anonymous microdata on the main indicators of income, expenditures and living conditions of households”. The total number of households that responded to questions about their income level was 7698 from 8051, or 95.6 %. Results. The article emphasizes that one of the important criteria for social protection is the quality of food supply in accordance with scientific norms and established standards. The income level and food consumption by households were compared. It was noted that in general the distribution of respondents in cash income levels was not considered to be normal. A clear correlation was established between the level of household income and the level of food consumption in both monetary and physical units. These differences were tested using the statistical method of t-test for comparing averages, which provided evidence of the difference between groups of households. Originality / scientific novelty. For the first time, the level of discrepancies in income and food consumption between households was assessed using the t-test method of comparison of averages, which allowed establishing statistically a significant difference between groups in these indicators. The assessment of the impact of household income on the level of expenditures and consumption of certain types of food products has been further developed with the identification of promising focus groups for consumers of organic products. Practical value / implications. The practical value of the results is that the identification of patterns allows to predict further trends in the level of consumption of certain types of food, particularly organic.Документ The role of economic agents' expectations in the formation of economic cycle: on the example of USA(Institute of Society Transformation, 2017) Shyian, Dmytro; Ulianchenko, NataliiaIntroduction. The authors analyse the mechanism of the economic cycle formation under the influence of economic agents’ expectations. It is emphasised that one of the main reasons for the termination of economic growth is generation and accumulation of systemic risk in the economy due to unreasonable expectations. The purpose of the research is to analyse the process of the economic cycle formation under the influence of economic agents’ expectations in the USA in the period from 1947 to 2016. Methods. The authors of the article offer their own methodology to analyse dynamic processes by transforming primary data and applying the author method of total sliding expectations for time series analysis. Results. Based on the analysis of data related to GDP of the USA, it has been concluded that the peaks of economic cycles in gross domestic product (GDP) values accurately reflect the peaks of time series of the total sliding expectations by GDP values. However, there were periods when the maximum of sliding expectations time series occurred without reaching the maximum gross domestic product. An approach to economic entropy as synchronisation of expectations level coincidence with the actual course of events in the economic system is given. The entropy reaches its peack under the reversal of the economic system, when business profits are also maximised due to cheap resources and services. The phase of economic growth will last until certain economic agents accumulate a critical amount of divergence between the expectations and the actual capital efficiency. Once the level of economic entropy has dropped below the conventional critical limit, the crisis is inevitable because of overwhelming economic agents› erroneous actions. Conclusions. The proposed conceptual approaches to explaining the economic cycle mechanism are based on the real economic mechanism and can therefore be applied to forecast it.