Проблемы использования новых материалов для лопаточного аппарата турбомашин

Abstract

Рассматриваются особенности температурного, термоупругого и вибрационного состояния охлаждаемых лопаток газотурбинных двигателей (ГТД) из монокристаллических материалов с учётом ориентации кристаллографических осей. Проведён анализ концентрации напряжений в зоне эрозионных повреждений лопаток из титанового сплава для последних ступеней паровых турбин. Исследуются особенности скоростного деформирования элементов корпусов ГТД при ударных нагрузках. Показано, что использование новых материалов существенно расширяет возможности турбомашин.Increasing the unit and the power density and efficiency of turbomachines leads to increased intensity of thermal and mechanical loads on the blading. In this regard, there is need for new materials. Purpose of work is analysis of problems of the blading strength under different loads. The features of the thermal, thermoelastic and vibration state of the cooled blades of gas turbine engine from single-crystal materials are considered by finite element method. The influence of the axial orientation of the crystallographic axes in the thermoelastic state and parameters of blade vibrations are investigated. The use of titanium alloys allows to increase the length of the blades of the last stages of turbines for nuclear power plants, but these blades work in an environment of wet steam and prone to erosion. The analysis of stress concentration in the area of erosion damage of the blades from a titanium alloy for the last stages of a powerful steam turbine was carried out. Blading and corps of the gas turbine engine experiencing impact load during exploitation. Elements of corps are often made from composite materials. The features of high-rate deformation elements corps of the gas turbine engine under impact loads are investigated. The use of new materials are significantly extends the capabilities of turbomachines, but requires special research of strength, thermal elasticity, vibrations and high-rate deformation of the elements for appropriate structures.