Моделі та методи формування підходу до управління проєктами у сфері інформаційних технологій

Abstract

Thesis for obtaining the Ph.D. scientific degree on the specialty 122 “Computer sciences”. - National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kharkiv, 2021. Object of research - project management processes. Subject of research includes models and methods of selection and formation of the project management approach. The dissertation is devoted to the solution of the scientific and practical problem - development of models, methods and information technology of selection or formation of the project management approach in IT-sphere. The introduction substantiates the topic of the dissertation, formulates the purpose and objectives of the study, defines the object, subject and methods of research, shows the scientific novelty and practical significance of the results, provides information on practical use, personal contribution of the applicant, approbation of research results and their coverage in publications. Also, the information on the structure and scope of the dissertation is given. The first section analyzes the relevance of the problem of the project management approach selection and formation, as well as existing models and methods of solving this problem. Based on a review of a number of studies, the impact of the project management approach on the main indicators of the project and its success is analyzed. The applicability of existing project management approaches (Agile, traditional, hybrid), their advantages and disadvantages, conditions of application are carried out. Problems related to choosing one approach from the set of existing ones for managing a certain project, as well as creating a new approach to project management are highlighted. The recommendations and methods proposed by both domestic and foreign researchers and research teams regarding the choice of a certain project management approach based on the main characteristics of the project are considered in detail. The existing methods of forming a new approach to manage a certain project are analyzed. As a result of the review, it was determined that the application of an appropriate management approach to the project conditions improves the quality of project management and the probability of its successful completion. Also, the need to summarize the existing recommendations of experts on the selection and formation of an approach to project management was identified. It is established that none of the proposed methods takes into account the presence of ambiguity in the existing recommendations of experts. The results of numerous studies indicate that the greatest positive effect can be achieved by creating a special approach to project management. Today there is a need to improve, supplement and update the Generalized set of knowledge on project management as a basis for the formation of a special approach. The analysis showed that today the task of forming an approach to project management is considered separately from the task of choosing an existing approach, while these tasks can be considered comprehensively: there is a need to develop an integrated method of selection and project approach, which summarizes the achievements of researchers in solving both tasks. The second section of the dissertation is devoted to improving and supplementing Generalized Body of Knowledge on Project Management with components of common project management approaches in the IT-sphere. As a result of the work, it was found necessary to revise the structure of Generalized Body of Knowledge on Body of Knowledge on Project Management to correctly reflect there the components of new approaches (DSDM, FDD, Lean and SAFe). A new, sixth, section "Project management practices» was added to the Generalized Body of Knowledge. The inclusion of this section has led to important changes: Kanban and XP approaches previously considered from the point of view of project management processes have been excluded from the section "Project management processes" and referred to the relevant section "Project management practices". The four sections of the advanced Generalized Body of Knowledge have been supplemented by components of such common project management approaches as DSDM, FDD, Lean and SAFe (project team level). Lean thinking tools and the issues they address have been reflected in the Generalized Knowledge Base as additional information to the Project management practices section to assist the decision maker when translating Lean principles into relevant Agile practices. The third section of the dissertation proposes a mathematical model and method of choosing an approach to project management based on fuzzy concepts about the applicability of existing standards, guidelines, project management methodologies. The developed model and method allow you to choose the best project management approach for a specific project from such popular approaches as PMBOK guide, IS021500 standard, PRINCE2 methodology, SWEBOK guide, Scrum, XP and Kanban methodologies. A number of project parameters and its environment that influence the choice of approach are identified. It includes: the number of people involved in the project, the customer's experience with the project team, the experience of the project team in the area etc. For each given parameter, its weight is determined when choosing an approach to project management. The practical application of the method is illustrated by the example of choosing a project management approach for a software development project. Also, the section offers an integrated method of choosing and forming an approach to manage a specific project. The method is based on the application of the Generalized Body of Knowledge on Body of Knowledge on Project Management. The practical application of the method is illustrated by the example of forming an approach to manage the project, which is devoted to the development of the PMGuide information technology. In the fourth section of the work an information technology for the selection and formation of a project management approach "PMGuide" is developed. The PMGuide system implements an integrated method of selection and formation of the project management approach, automates the storage and processing of information displayed in Generalized Body of Knowledge on Body of Knowledge on Project Management. The correctness of the software implementation was tested and confirmed by solving a practical problem. The developed system can be used as an auxiliary tool in the selection and formation of an approach for a specific project, as well as a tool for working with data contained in Generalized Body of Knowledge on Body of Knowledge on Project Management. The section also provides a description of the mobile web application, which was developed in accordance with the questionnaires provided by the method of choosing a project management approach based on fuzzy concepts. The application of the developed models and methods for the selection and formation of project management approaches for software development projects has reduced the complexity and risks of the project, and thus improve the quality of management ensuring the achievement of the goal. The results of the dissertation research implementation in Ltd. "AS Nova" (Kharkiv), in Merefa City Council (Merefa), as well as in research work and educational process of the Department of Strategic Management of the National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute” are given.