Хімічна обробка поверхні в реставрації художніх виробів зі срібла

Abstract

The publication presents the results of research work dedicated to improving the restoration of artistic products made of silver and its alloys, which provides for effective and delicate chemical surface cleaning. Art products made of silver and its alloys, when exposed to the open air, are exposed to external environmental factors and atmospheric corrosion. As a result of these processes, objects change their appearance, fade, lose luster, their decorative and functional properties deteriorate. The main problems that occur during storage and restoration of silver objects of decorative and applied arts are considered. The analysis of scientific researches and publications of leading experts in the field of restoration and processing of metals is carried out. It is proved that many of the existing means for chemical cleaning of silver have certain significant disadvantages (presence in solutions of free cyanides, ammonia, aggressive acids, abrasive particles), which are toxic, ineffective or harmful to the silver surface. Therefore, the elimination of these shortcomings is possible by developing a new effective cleaning agent based on available and harmless chemicals. The results of this research are positive. For the first time, a solution based on thiourea, sulfamic acid and surfactants was proposed. All components of this solution are absolutely available for sale and perform certain functions. The offered means quickly and effectively cleans a surface. The advantage of this tool over known analogues is the replacement of aggressive substances with harmless substances, which is a favorable factor for the delicate treatment of works of art made of silver and its alloys, especially with precious stones. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the expediency of using this tool for processing antiques, museum exhibits in restoration works. Advanced technology does not require scarce reagents and complex technical conditions, the cost of neutralization of toxic components of solutions, and therefore is fully technically available for the needs of a conventional laboratory.