Проблеми працевлаштування молоді на сучасному етапі розвитку українського суспільства

Abstract

Стаття присвячена проблемам молоді на ринку праці в Україні, серед яких: безробіття, низький рівень життя, небажання роботодавців оформлювати легальні трудові відносини, зростання міграційних процесів, пов’язаних із працевлаштуванням за кордоном. Автори розглядають причини виникнення зазначених проблем. У статті надана характеристика порушень, які найчастіше зустрічаються в цій сфері, аналізуються їх наслідки для молодих людей, які працюють із порушення діючого законодавства про працю. Наведені статистичні данні про стан молоді на ринку праці в Україні дозволяють авторам зробити логічні висновки та надати пропозиції щодо покращення становища молоді.

The article is devoted to the problems of Ukrainian youth, which under the condition of crisis is in an extremely disadvantageous position. Among the main problems faced by young people, the authors point out a low level of material support, which is directly related to difficulties while searching for a job, applying for vacancies, and the income level of a young person. Attention is paid to the fact that in the field of labor relations in the country, on the one hand, the European integration course is declared, and on the other hand, the existing practice shows that the regulation of labor relations not only does not approach to European standards, but on the contrary disagrees with them. On the basis of sociological studies, statistical data, the authors study the reasons of unemployment growth in Ukraine: lack of work in the specialty, low salary, unsatisfactory conditions of work. Lack of work experience, lack of practical skills, and high competition on the labor market lead to difficulties in employing for young people. The authors analyze such reasons of the worsening of the situation of young people on the labor market as violations of labor legislation by the employer while hiring: discriminatory restrictions on age, sex, appearance, marital status, property status, the requirement of documents which are not provided for by the legislation, increasing of probation periods, the replacement of probation with an internship. The most acute problem faced by young people is illegal employment. The employee is hired without official employment procedure, and it leads to the fact that a person loses the guaranteed amount of wages, paid vacation, state guarantees, her/she does not pay social insurance and a pension fund contributions. All this leads to the fact that young people for a long time depend on the material support of their parents, they do not have their own housing, family, children. All this leads increasing of migration processes. Most young people are focused on leaving Ukraine to the countries of the European Union. The main reason for emigration is the desire for improving their financial status, the lack of decent job, real democracy and the rule of law in Ukraine. Analysis of sociological and statistical data allows the authors to make logical conclusions and suggestions for improving the status of young people.