Военно-радиологические аспекты пространственного распределения поглощенной дозы импульсного гамма-нейтронного излучения

Abstract

In order to optimize radiological principles of military radiation safety systems this paper examines possible ways of accounting the spatial distribution of the absorbed dose by assessment of the uneven irradiation rate. A comparative evaluation of the doses ratio of neutron and gamma radiation was conducted, and obtained dependence of unevenness factor and the reduction index of biological effect which depended on distance from the center of the explosion of different types of ammunition. In general, irradiation of the human body in a field of pulsed gamma-neutron radiation of neutron ammunition is much more uniform than in the cases of irradiation in the explosion of thermonuclear ammunition. Functional of distribution of dose load depends on the ratio γ/n components, which is dependns on the distance from the center of a nuclear explosion, on the presence of the scattered radiation; onthe spectral features of the type of ammunition (the presence of capture gamma radiation in the air and soil); on human orientation in a field of gamma-neutron radiation; on the human body screening.