Репродуктивні установки сучасного українського студентства

Abstract

Стаття присвячена характеристиці репродуктивних установок сучасного українського студентства (на прикладі студентів м. Харкова). Під репродуктивними установками розумілись психічні стани особистості, що зумовлюють взаємну узгодженість різного роду дій, які характеризуються позитивним або негативним ставленням до народження певної кількості дітей. У статті наведено результати емпіричного дослідження щодо виявлення основних репродуктивних установок сучасного українського студентства (на прикладі студентів м. Харкова): кількості дітей в родині, мотивів їх народження, віку народження першої та останньої дитини, протогенетичного та інтергенетичного інтервалів, переривання вагітності, усиновлення. Порівнювались установки респондентів різної статі, віку, рівня матеріального забезпечення, релігійності, місця мешкання, типу батьківської сім'ї.

The article is devoted to the description of the reproductive attitudes of modern Ukrainian students (by example of Kharkov students). The reproductive attitudes are the mental states of the individual, which determine the mutual consistency of various kinds of actions that are characterized by a positive or negative attitude towards the birth of children. It was established that the student’s youth keep settings of small amount of children in future family. The optimal period for the marriage and birth of the first child was the age from 22 to 28 years, and the last – up to 35 years by the opinion of modern student youth. Optimal protogenetic and intergenetic intervals estimated by respondents were1 – 4 years. The influence on reproductive sex, the level of material security, religiousness and the place of residence of students was revealed. On average the women wanted to marry and gave birth of a child in two years earlier than men. Residents of regional centers wanted to have a first child at a later age. More than half of the respondents, both men and woman, had negative response about abortion in case of unplanned pregnancy, but those who live in cities were more loyal to it. The main reasons that justify for this were: the fact of rape, severe pathologies in the child during the period of gestation, health problems in a woman which could cause by pregnancy and childbirth. The main reason for the adoption of a child for most respondents may be a state of health, which cannot be the birth of their own child and the situation when a child of relatives can get into an orphanage. These were classic objective circumstances that reflect the value of the child in the minds of the respondents and the need to support relatives in a difficult situation. If they were absent, the majority of respondents, most likely, would not become foster parents. The weighty reasons for not adopting were: fear of "bad heredity," fears that adoptive parents would not be able to love a foster child as their biological, the lack of the need to adopt children if there is one’s own and unwillingness to have a "strange" child in their home. For women, the most important reasons for not adopting a child were fear of "bad heredity", unlike men who fear that they would not be able to love the child as their biological, and relatives cannot accept it. Most students believed that, first of all, economic and political stability was needed to stimulate the birth rate in the country. Important factors were also the introduction of a monthly allowance for a child under 16, the benefits for communal payments to families with children.