Антикризове управління туристичним і готельно-ресторанним бізнесом: теоретичний аспект

Abstract

У статті здійснено критичний аналіз підходів до розуміння сутності понять «криза» та «антикризове управління». Узагальнено та систематизовано причини виникнення кризових явищ та їх наслідки в туристичному і готельно-ресторанному бізнесі. Здійснено класифікацію причин виникнення кризових явищ в туристичному і готельно-ресторанному бізнесі за природою походження та джерелами виникнення. Запропоновано авторське визначення сутності поняття «антикризове управління».The article analyzes approaches to understanding the essence of the concept of "crisis", according to which a crisis is associated with danger, a sharp break, decline, instability, aggravation of contradictions in the socio-economic system, which can lead to the onset of negative or positive consequences. It has been established that the reasons for their occurrence and consequences are important for understanding the essence of the concept of "crisis". The reasons for the emergence of crisis phenomena in the tourism and hospitality business are the discrepancy between the state and the needs of the development of economic entities and the external environment. The entire set of reasons for the occurrence of crisis phenomena in the tourist and hotel-restaurant business are grouped according to two characteristics: the nature of origin and the source of occurrence. By nature of origin, crises can arise for objective and subjective reasons. The source of crisis phenomena in the tourist and hospitality business can be exogenous (external) and endogenous (internal) factors. The consequences of the crisis can be positive, negative and neutral. The positive consequences of the crisis are characterized by the improvement of the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the enterprise's development, adaptation to the external environment and the ability to resist its negative impact, growth of potential and increase of viability. The opposite is the negative consequences of the impact of the crisis. Neutral consequences of the crisis are characterized by the absence of qualitative and quantitative changes. The following approaches to understanding the essence of the concept of "anti-crisis management" are distinguished: 1) an integral component of the enterprise management system; 2) a set of measures of strategic direction; 3) tools of external and internal influence, which are used only for the period of overcoming the crisis, etc.