Класифікація моделей комерціалізації інтелектуально-інноваційних технологій та аналіз їх еволюції

Abstract

В статті розглянуто важливість та актуальність передачі інтелектуально-інноваційних технологій на комерційних або безкоштовних засадах. Проведено аналіз існуючих моделей комерціалізації технологій за значний ретроспективний період, виділяючи серед них еволюційні признаки, які дозволять зробити висновок про наявність тенденцій їх розвитку та покращення. Розроблено методичні підходи до класифікації моделей комерціалізації інтелектуально-інноваційних технології, що дозволяє надати наукове обґрунтування окремим групам моделей комерціалізації.The article considers the importance and relevance of the transfer of intellectual and innovative technologies on a commercial or free basis. Existing types of transfer and commercialization of intellectual and innovative technologies are analyzed. It was determined that commercialization is the process of bringing an idea, product or service to the mass market and obtaining a monetary benefit from it. The commercialization process includes a number of steps, the most important of which are idea generation, research, development, licensing, marketing, and monitoring. It has been proven that the commercialization of intellectual and innovative technologies plays a huge role in determining the role of an idea, product or service in society. It creates employment opportunities, creates consumer choice and paves the way for market needs. This affects the country's economy and supports the quality-of-life standards. It also requires learning and sharing new skill sets, knowledge and innovations, new methods, models and organizational patterns. The analysis of the existing models of commercialization of technologies for a significant retrospective period was carried out, highlighting among them evolutionary signs that will allow us to draw a conclusion about the presence of trends in their development and improvement. Methodical approaches to the classification of models of commercialization of intellectual and innovative technologies have been developed, which makes it possible to provide scientific justification for certain groups of commercialization models. Several methodological approaches to the classification of existing models of technology transfer are proposed: from the point of view of the completeness of the technical content, the transfer of intellectual technology can be divided into two varieties: "transplantation" and "inoculation"; from the point of view of the difference of technology carriers, it is recommended to divide the models of intellectual transfer into three types: technology transfer of "material type", "intellectual type" and "workforce type"; from the point of view of the function of intelligent technology, their transfer (transfer) is recommended to be divided into two main modes: transfer of process technology and transfer of product technology.