Влияние экстернальных и интернальных факторов на трансформационные процессы в науке

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to investigate various factors influencing modern science dynamics and development. The paper singles out different models describing the dynamics and development of science. Within the framework of such models there are works distinguishing internal and external factors, which defines the scope of research taking shape in the philosophical discourse. With the emphasis placed on the external factors, the scientists are swimming with the tide of historicism that gives special weight to the sociocultural, historical context in development of scientific knowledge (T. Kuhn), knowledge sociology and social epistemology called to expose the social conditions of scientific activities and to view science as a social institution. Among the theorists advocating the sociocultural aspect of studies of science, B. Barnes, G. Bachelard, P. Berger, D. Blur, G. Collins, Th. Luckman, K. Mannheim, R. Merton, S. Fuller deserve a mention for accentuating the external factors as the major driving forces in the development of scientific knowledge. The accent on the internal factors tilts the research towards positivistic traditions, logic, methodology of science, scientific and structural realism. N. Hanson, C. Hempel, W. V. Quine, K. Popper, S. Toulmin, K. Hübner and others were among the main contributors to the development of positivistic ideas.