Моніторинг використання та екологічного стану земель за допомогою безпілотних літальних апаратів

Abstract

The subject of study in the scientific article is the possibility of using unmanned aerial vehicles and their tasks in conducting environmental monitoring of land. The basic characteristics and advantages of monitoring of natural resources with the use of UMAV are determined. An analysis of existing scientific sources has shown that different means and devices are used in conducting environmental monitoring. The purpose of the research is to improve the quality of environmental monitoring with the use of UMAV in conditions of negative anthropogenic impact on the natural environment. In general, with the help of UMAV, they build orthophotomaps, digital terrain models and 3D models, which are quite economical and convenient in terms of time saving. The obtained results confirm that the high spatial distinction on the ground allows to see the smallest details of the relief and objects. The organization of effective control of the aircraft is carried out with the use of a ground information system based on the calculation of the coordinates of the airspace according to the known value of the basis and the measured distances to the aircraft, which allows to calculate the current coordinates. To ensure the specified efficiency of the tasks related to conducting environmental monitoring in different conditions, the reservation of items with an increased level of reliability, as well as the system of embedded control, which are classified; on the principle of management, the range of action, the duration of the flight, the mass-grossing characteristics. Environmental management based on the results of the decoding of aerophotographic materials (study of the territory by aerial photography), will facilitate and accelerate the production process without losing the quality of production. When assessing the impacts on the state of the soil during the monitoring take into account soil abandonment, characteristics of the humus composition, mechanical and water-physical properties, landscape-geochemical barriers (accumulation and migration of substances), fertility, degree of development of processes of degradation of soils, etc.