Шляхи формування термінології нанотехнологій

Abstract

У роботі досліджено системну організацію термінології нанотехнологій та шляхи творення термінів. Установлено, що термінологія нанотехнологій є складною сукупністю термінів, має певні ієрархічні рівні, репрезентовані відповідними одиницями. Розглянуто спеціальні назви, залучені з інших наукових та технічних галузей, що у сфері нанотехнологій або не змінили свого значення, або в результаті лексико-семантичних перетворень звузили його чи отримали нове термінологічне значення. Визначено нанотехнологічні терміни, утворені морфологічним (за допомогою афіксів, шляхом осново- та словоскладання) та синтаксичним способами.

The research is devoted to the field of nanotechnology, which is a modern complex interdisciplinary field that includes at least thirty-two disciplines, among which there are physics, biology, metrology, chemistry and others. The creation of new terms is a relevant topic of many scientific investigations in the field of Ukrainian scientific and technical terminology, therefore the purpose of our research is to study the ways and methods of forming the nanotechnology terminology, to investigate the semantic features of terms, as well as the changes that occur in the semantic structure of terms involved from other fields of knowledge in the field of nanotechnology, consideration of morphological and syntactic ways of creating terms. The article examines the set of terms of nanotechnology as a system, defines its core and periphery units that denote the actual concept of nanotechnology and units that express the concepts of other scientific and technical spheres. Such special names are implemented in the field of nanotechnology as it follows: without changing the original meaning, by narrowing it, or with a completely different new meaning; three types of terms are distinguished according to this approach. It is established that the special names of nanotechnologies, which appeared as a result of the narrowing or reinterpretation of the original meaning, are formed in a lexical and semantic way. The creation of new nanotechnology terms is also done by prefixing, suffixing, adding bases, i. e. morphologically. The largest number of terms of the studied field arose as a result of the syntactic method of term formation and has a complex structure – two-, three- and four-component word combinations. Therefore, the analysis of the nanotechnology terminology has shown that it has a complex and heterogeneous character. The main ways of creating terms are lexical and semantic, morphological and syntactic methods, while in many cases Greek-Latin affixes and elements are involved in the process of term creation, which indicates the international nature of terminology and the globalization of modern scientific and technical knowledge.