Приближенный расчет основных характеристик плазмы при воздушном электрическом взрыве металлического проводника

Abstract

Приведены результаты приближенного расчета максимальных значений температуры Tm, давления Pm и скорости vm распространения ударной волны в «металлической плазме», образующейся при воздушном электрическом взрыве (ЭВ) тонкого металлического проводника под воздействием большого импульсного тока (БИТ). Показано, что при ЭВ в атмосферном воздухе тонкого медного проводника в разрядной цепи высоковольтного генератора БИТ микросекундного временного диапазона максимальные значения температуры Tm, давления Pm и скорости vm в локальной зоне ее взрыва могут достигать соответственно нескольких десятков тысяч градусов Кельвина, сотен технических атмосфер и тысяч метров в секунду. Сформулированы возможные пути получения в разрядной цепи мощной конденсаторной батареи высоковольтного генератора БИТ «рекордных» значений температуры Tm, давления Pm и скорости vm.

Purpose. Obtaining approximate calculation correlations for determination of maximal values of temperature Tm, and pressures Pm at a shock wave and speed vm distribution of a shock wave in the plasma products of air electric explosion (EE) of metall conductor under act of large impulsive current (LIC). Methodology. Theoretical bases of the electrical engineering, scientific and technical bases of electrophysics, thermal physics and electrophysics bases of powerful high-voltage impulse technique, related to the theory and practice of the phenomenon EE metallic explorer in gas environments under action of LIC. Results. New calculation correlations are got for approximate calculation in a local area of EE in atmospheric air of metallic explorer of maximal values of temperature Tm,, pressures Pm and speeds of vm of shock wave in «metallic plasma» appearing from an explosion under action of LIC of its conducting structure. It is set that numeral values of the sought after sizes of temperature Tm,, pressures Pm and speeds vm as it applies to air EE thin copper conductor under the action of LIC of the microsecond temporal range can arrive at a few ten of thousands of Kelvin, hundreds of technical atmospheres and thousands of meters in a second accordingly. It is shown that similar values of speed vm of shock wave in «metallic plasma» are comparable at speed of detonation wave in hard explosives. An accent is in this connection done on expedience of application air EE thin short metallic conductors at injury of live ammunitions with an ordinary and nuclear explosive. The real technical suggestions are offered on a possible receipt in the discharge circuit of powerful high-voltage generator of LIC of condenser type of «record» (most) values of the examined descriptions of «metallic plasma» at air EE thin metallic conductors. Comparison of the obtained results is executed for the probed descriptions of plasma at air EE of the metal conductor with known in the world information in area of electrophysics and thermal physics EE metal in gas environments. Originality. The obtained new theoretical results in area of high-current electrophysics and high-temperature thermal physics extend our physical views about the phenomenon of EE in atmospheric air of thin metallic conductors under action of LIC of the nanosecond and microsecond duration. Practical value. Application of the calculation correlations obtained in practice for the indicated descriptions of «metallic plasma» will allow technicians-and-engineers in a certain measure to accelerate and improve adjusting of difficult electric charts of powerful high-voltage generator of LIC at a receipt in his discharge circuit by air EE of thin metal conductors required on protocol of lead through of heavy-current electrophysics experiments of parameters of plasma in the local zone of its explosion.