Антология выдающихся достижений в науке и технике. Часть 41: Композиционные материалы: их классификация, технологии изготовления, свойства и области применения в современной технике

Abstract

Приведен научно-технический обзор о состоянии, достижениях и перспективах развития работ отечественных и зарубежных ученых-материаловедов в области разработки и создания композиционных материалов, обладающих по сравнению с традиционными однородными материалами существенно более высокими физико-механическими характеристиками. Описаны основные классификации, технологии получения, свойства и области применения подобных материалов-композитов в технике.Purpose. Preparation of brief scientific and technical review about the state, achievements and prospects of development of works domestic and foreign scientists-specialists on materials and technologists in area of development and creation of composite materials (compos). Methodology. Scientific methods of collection, analysis and analytical treatment of the opened scientific and technical information of world level in area of studies about materials, related to development of basic technologies of making of new perspective compos and their application in a modern technique. Results. A state-of-the-art scientific and technical review is resulted about the state, achievements and prospects on the future in the world of researches on development and creation of new metallic and nonmetal compos, possessing as compared to traditional homogeneous materials substantially more high physical and mechanical descriptions. Classification of compos is executed. Technologies of making of basic types of compos, findings a practical wide use enough in an aviation and space-rocket technique, engineering and row of the special areas of modern technique are briefly described. Main properties of basic types of compos and their advantage are indicated before traditional metals and alloys. The basic failings and technical application for today of different compos domains are resulted. Considerable progress is marked in technologies of making and volumes of the use in the front-rank areas of technique of compos. The possible nearest prospects are indicated in the use of compos on the future in a number of stormy developing in the whole world technical areas. Originality. Systematization of the scientific and technical materials, devoted the basic results of works on being in 2016 year of domestic and foreign specialists in area of development, making and application in the modern technique of the most perspective types of compos, known from the sources opened in outer informative space is executed. Practical value. Popularization and deepening for students, engineers and technical specialists and research workers of scientific and technical knowledges in the necessary area of development, creation and application in the modern technique of compos, extending their scientific range of interests and further development of scientific and technical progress in human society.