Розрахунок рентабельності на основі фінансової і статистичної звітності та порівняння індикаторів прибутковості підприємств Польщі і України

Abstract

Calculation and analysis of profitability ratios is an integral element of economic and analytical work. Information about the profitability of a business is necessary for owners, investors, and other interested parties in order to be able to assess the resource potential of an enterprise, compare its performance with its competitors, and make appropriate management decisions. Profitability indicators have not only descriptive, but also prognostic value. However, profitability ratios are informative only if comparative procedures are possible (over time and with other enterprises). Therefore, it is very important to be able to compare the profitability of different companies both within a particular industry, a country, and in a wider, international context. For this, it is necessary to align the methods of calculating the profitability of various business entities. The State Statistics Service of Ukraine publishes statistics on the profitability of Ukrainian enterprises with the help of the following relative indicators of profitability: operating profitability; profitability of all activities. It should be noted that the name "profitability of all activities" is not generally recognized for European statistical practice. The use of this name without a clear description of the calculation method may mislead researchers. Having specified and detailed the method of calculating profitability indicators, which is used by the state statistical offices of Ukraine and Poland, we were able to recalculate and get comparable profitability indicators. The absence of well-established names and strict correspondence between the name of the coefficient and the method of its calculation does not allow us to immediately proceed to a comparative analysis. A necessary preliminary stage is the refinement of the method for calculating each indicator and, if necessary, recalculating the coefficients using the formulas that allow the profitability ratios to be reduced to a comparable form.