Особенности контроля и диагностики камер запуска и приема очистных и диагностических устройств

Abstract

В статье показана актуальность нахождения новых методов и подходов контроля и диагностики камер запуска и приема очистных и диагностических устройств трубопроводов. Рассмотрены наиболее распространенные средства механической очистки нефтепроводов от разного типа загрязнений. Описан принцип работы камер запуска и приема очистных и диагностических устройств трубопроводов. Приведены результаты ультразвукового и капиллярного неразрушающего контроля камер из которых следует, что для эффективности нахождения дефектных участков следует проводить несколько видов неразрушающего контроля.The article shows the relevance of finding new methods and approaches for monitoring and diagnosing cameras launching and receiving cleaning and diagnostic devices of pipelines. The most common means of mechanical cleaning of oil pipelines from various types of pollution are considered. The principle of operation of cameras of start and reception of cleaning and diagnostic devices of pipelines is described. The results of ultrasonic and capillary non-destructive testing of cameras are given, from which it follows that several types of non-destructive testing should be carried out for the efficiency of finding defective areas. Diagnostics of the state of the internal cavities of oil pipelines is carried out usin g such methods as ultrasonic, visual, measuring, capillary, magnetometric, acoustic emission and vibration diagnostic testing. These methods reveal the accumulation of mechanical impurities in the pipeline, consisting of scale, sand, rust, water, and resinous sub stances, which lead to wear of pipes and flanged connections, reduce the quality of oil and clog the valves. The features of non-destructive testing of cameras are described, which consists in the fact that during control, first of all, one should pay attention to the state of welded joints, places of sudden changes in pipe thickness.