Material removal characteristics in rotational and tangential turning

Abstract

Rotational and tangential turnings are two special variants of hard turning. They can eliminate a disadvantageous characteristic of ordinary hard turning, namely, the generation of periodical topography. This study reveals common and different features of both rotational method and the long-known tangential turning method. Common features make the complex chip removal mechanism of rotational turning easier to understand. The calculation of chip thickness and width becomes simpler. However, while the cutting technical parameters can be drawn on planar surfaces in a tangential method, these parameters obtain a 3D spatial form in rotational turning due to the helical edge. The extremely high productivity of rotational turning and the kinematical relations of the machining system are illustrated by several examples. Both methods are supplementary solutions because their extensive use requires expensive tools, which result in economic problems.