Вплив каталітичного нейтралізатора на токсичність двигуна з іскровим запалюванням

Abstract

Екологічні показники бензинового двигуна залежать від складу паливоповітряної суміші. Визначено вплив трикомпонентного каталітичного нейтралізатора на токсичність двигуна з іскровим запалюванням при роботі з карбюраторною і електронною системою впорскування бензину. У роботі визначено вплив каталітичного нейтралізатора на екологічні показники двигуна з різними системами живлення в режимах навантаження, активного і примусового холостого ходу.In the conditions of operation automobile continue to operate with spark motors, which are equipped with outdated petrol systems with an ecological level of Euro0. Automobile of low ecological level with spark motors make up a considerable part in their class. Therefore, they are the main mobile sources of atmospheric air pollution in cities. An effective measure to improve the environmental performance of automobile is the use of exhaust gas emission reduction systems in the engine exhaust system. As such devices today are threecomponent catalytic exhaust gas neutralizers, which effectively neutralize pollutants with the injection system and feedback. The injection system with feedback allows us to improve the environmental performance of new automobile to the modern ecological level. Efficiency of use of catalytic converters on automobile in operation with obsolete mechanical systems of nutrition is investigated by experimental methods. In order to improve the environmental performance of automobile with run, it is proposed to install modern injection systems under operating conditions. By these substitutes and the use of catalytic converters, cars with mileage maintain a high ecological level. To study the effect of these changes, a series of load characteristics, high speed active and forced idling of the engine with different power systems were obtained. The peculiarity of using injection systems is the constant stoichiometric composition of the mixture during engine operation, increasing the efficiency of the exhaust gas neutralization system within 90%. The estimation of the efficiency of the catalytic converter with different power systems is determined by comparing the measured values of the pollutant before and after the neutralizer. Experiments have shown that small emissions of CO, CmHn, NOx are generated when the engine is running with a petrol injection system.