Дослідження активності гліцерату калію як каталізатору переетерифікації жирів за різних умов проведення процесу

Abstract

Досліджено вплив найважливіших факторів, таких як температура та тривалість процесу, на ефективність гліцерату калію як каталізатору переетерифікації жирів. В якості жирової сировини використовувався пальмовий олеїн, для оцінки активності каталізатору визначалася температура плавлення. Обробка результатів з метою встановлення залежності температури плавлення пальмового олеїну від температури та тривалості процесу у присутності гліцерату калію проводилася з використанням методу математичного планування експерименту

The influence of the most important factors, such as temperature and duration of the process, on the effectiveness of potassium glycerate as a catalyst for the interesterification of fats was researched. The same dosage of catalyst was used for all experiments according to the planning matrix. The catalyst was prepared under laboratory conditions using glycerol and potassium hydroxide. As raw fat palm olein was used, to evaluate the activity of the catalyst the melting point was determined. Selection of palm olein is justified by the fact that a change of the triacylglycerol composition of lipid feedstock during the interesterification accompanied by a significant increase in its melting point, which allows to assess changes in the fat during the interesterification using the simple analysis. Processing of the results to establish the dependence of the temperature and duration of the process on the melting point of palm olein in the presence of potassium glycerate was carried out using mathematical method of experimental design. Based on experimental data the regression equation obtained representing the dependence of the melting point of palm olein from these factors, based on which the image is built using the program Mathcad. On the basis of these findings conclusions have been made with respect to the received efficiency and the possibility of using the catalyst in the industry under certain conditions. Depending on the desired properties of the interesterified fat (melting point, hardness, ductility, etc.) various modes can be applied using proposed interesterification catalyst potassium glycerate. At the same time it is possible to obtain this substance directly at the enterprise.