Кафедра "Безпека праці та навколишнього середовища"

Постійне посилання зібрання

https://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/2354

Офіційний сайт кафедри http://web.kpi.kharkov.ua/safetyofliving

Від 2020 року кафедра має назву "Безпека праці та навколишнього середовища", попередня назва – "Охорона праці та навколишнього середовища", первісна назва – кафедра "Охорона праці".

Кафедра "Охорона праці" була створена в 1963 році. Першим її завідувачем був доцент Наумов С. С., який очолював кафедру протягом 1963-1970 років.

За час існування кафедри, крізь її "стіни" пройшло понад 70 тисяч студентів.

Кафедра входить до складу Навчально-наукового інституту механічної інженерії і транспорту Національного технічного університету "Харківський політехнічний інститут".

У складі науково-педагогічного колективу кафедри працюють 25 викладачів, серед яких 2 доктора технічних наук, 17 – кандидатів технічних, біологічних та психологічних наук, 1 – доктор філософії, 3 співробітника мають звання професора, 14 – доцента.

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Analysis of the Sanitary Purification of Gas Emissions from Dust in the Lime Manufacture
(Scientific Route, 2017) Pitak, Inna V.; Briankin, Serhii S.; Pitak, Oleg Ya.; Shaporev, Valery P.
Experimental studies have been carried out to study the effect of the location of the blade vortex from the end of the flue (the flow outflow from the flue to the separation chamber) by the value Vϕmax and the determination of the optimum cross section where Vϕmax is reached, and also the study of the influence of structural changes on the purification efficiency. The dependence of this swirler on the value of the tangential velocity of the gas flow at its exit from the separator is established. The cross-sections of the flue duct in which, after the swirler, the maximum values Vϕ, Vr are reached, the features of the dust-gas flow in the studied sections are considered. Based on the studies of the hydrodynamic situation during the flow of a rotating flow in the flue after the swirler, the possibilities of agglomeration of dust particles in the investigated zones, as well as the destruction of NOx gas impurities, are analyzed. During the operation of the reconstructed vortex dust collector, qualitative indices are attained, which confirm the expediency of the conducted studies and the expediency of reconstructing the vortex apparatus. It is proved that the installation of the blade vortex enhances the purification efficiency of the dust-gas flow in a vortex dust collector and will allow for a comprehensive purification of the exhaust gases.
Analysis of ways reducing drilling waste in oil and gas production influencing on natural environment
(UNIVERSITAS Publishing, Romania, 2019) Shestopalov, Oleksii; Rykusova, N. I.; Tseitlin, Musii; Raiko, Valentina
Approaches to the organization of workplaces in "open space" offices
(Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2019) Hofreiter, Ladislav; Ilinska, Olha
The aspects that should be considered when organizing workplaces in "open space" type offices are considered.
Assessment and prevention of the propagation of carbon monoxide over a working area at ARC welding
(Технологический центр, 2019) Berezutskyi, Viacheslav; Hondak, Inna; Berezutska, Nataliia; Dmitrik, Vitaly; Gorbenko, Veronika; Makarenko, Viktoriia
This paper reports a study of air environment at industrial premises where welding processes take place, with special attention paid to the formation of carbon monoxide (oxide) (CO) in the working environment in the process of manual arc welding. We have given the classification of basic harmful substances generated during welding and related processes in terms of the character of negative influence on the body of a welder. A mathematical model of the dynamics of change in the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air of a working area has been constructed, based on the amount of a harmful substance (m) in the air at premises at a time point, the intensity of its release into air, and the air exchange rate. A given mathematical model includes the propagation of carbon monoxide in the air, considering the air exchange between the overall volume of a premise and the local volumes of working zones. There are not enough studies into the formation of carbon monoxide during welding processes, which is why examining this process is a priority. Out experimental study has confirmed that the concentration of carbon monoxide outside the local volumes of local ventilation devices, that is in the air of working zones, remains constant (to 0.01 mg/m³) and does not exceed MPC (20 mg/m³). A failure or the absence of general ventilation leads to a rapid increase in the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) in line with an exponential dependence (from 150 to 200 mg/m³ over 0.5-0.6 hours) within a small closed workspace (1 m³), and can quickly spread throughout the entire premise. However, a failure or the absence of general ventilation leads to a rapid increase in the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) in line with an exponential dependence. This indicates that general ventilation is important, but it does not warrant safety for welders and other workers from gas poisoning. Therefore, the use of local ventilation must be ensured, as well as respiratory protection for all present when conducting welding processes. The derived mathematical models make it possible to assess risks during welders’ operations, to take into consideration CO emissions when calculating ventilation systems in working areas, to adjust the system that manages risks and labor safety
Basics of psychophysiological assurance of the reliability of professional activity and efficiency of a human operator
(2022) Movmyga, N. E.; Maksymenko, O. A.
Technical progress on the modern stage of society development is accompanied by the continuous increase of human role in the achievement of high efficiency and quality of work. Complex mechanization of production processes, control systems automation, the usage of computer engineering, and information models of individual and collective usage radically change labor characteristics. A man performs operator functions, his activities continuously become more complicated despite permanent progress of technique and automation of production processes. Modern control system imposes responsibility both on a man, using technique and on that who ensures efficiency and reliability of this usage. Role of human factor in occupational safety is very great. Psychophysiological features of labor process participants are especially important. Psychophysiological basis of safety is based on psychology and physiology of a man. Psychophysiology of occupational safety is based on such sciences as physiology of labor, engineering psychology, ergonomics, etc. Safety psychology considers the application of psychological knowledge for occupational health safety ensurance and is a key point in the structure of actions aimed at human safe activity. Both, internal and external factors influence on the occurrence of such adverse state as stress, fatigue, and decrease in working capacity. The following external factors may be present at production enterprises: microclimat parameters, light, noise, vibration, the other labor environment, social-psychological climate, management style, etc. The following factors may be considered as internal reasons of adverse functional conditions: nervous system type, temperament, professional skills, etc. The aspect of internal factors which have an impact on the appearance of adverse functional conditions is not well studied nowadays. When hiring an employee and during his adaptation it is necessary to take into consideration his psychological features, as they directly impact success and work speed, his condition. It is necessary to take into account an employee's functional conditions during his work performance. The objective of the metodological instructions "Basis of psychophysiological assurance of professional activity reliability and human operator efficiency" is the formation of theoretical knowledge and practical skills which include holistically interconnected physiological and psychological patterns of employee's professional activity, causing efficiency, reliability and occupational health safety, professional health and longevity increase.
Beginning Microsoft Excel 2010. Part 3
(Kharkiv Petro Vasylenko National Technical University of Agriculture, 2016) Megel, Yu. Ye.; Kovalenko, S. M.; Chaly, I. V.; Mikhnova, E. D.
Methodological guidelines are intended to assist students in studying Informatics in English, both in the classroom and individually.
Certification of workplaces and risks
(ГО "СФБЖДЛ", 2016) Berezutskyi, Viacheslav; Skibniewska, Krystyna; Madieva, Gulmira
At this material were analyzed of conformity to carry out of certification of workplaces by the old regulatory requirements and international standards that are including the maps of risk a workplaces. New approaches to the procedure for certification of workplaces taking into account the requirements of international standards and risk.
Chemical deposition of CdS films from ammoniac-thiourea solutions
(Технологический центр, 2018) Pancheva, Hanna; Khrystych, Olena; Mykhailova, Evgeniia; Ivashchenko, Maryna; Pilipenko, Alexei
This paper investigates the process of chemical deposition of CdS films from ammonia-thiourea solutions. It was established that a change in the turbidity of solution occurs in the process of chemical deposition. The results of visual observations and measurement of turbidity of solution allowed us to establish that these dependences could be used to monitor the status of the process. Visual observations correlate with the obtained dependences for turbidity and suggest that the chemical deposition of CdS includes the accumulation of colloidal-dispersed precipitate in the volume of solution, agglomeration of CdS particles, and a stationary mode of the CdS film growth at the surface of a sample. The first stage of the process is matched by a sharp increase in the turbidity of solution; the second stage is accompanied by the emergence of a maximum in the dependence. No significant change in turbidity occurs at the third stage. The observation of morphology of the resulting precipitate allowed us to establish working concentrations of reagents in solution, which ensure obtaining a high-quality CdS film with a thickness not less than 100 μm. The working concentrations of cadmium chloride, ammonia, and thiourea are, respectively, 1.8, 0.6, and 8.4 g·l⁻¹. It was assumed that the CdS formation is accompanied by the formation of thiourea. This is confirmed by data on the analysis of a working solution. An analysis of the solution revealed high concentrations of the CO₃²⁻ ions, which are a product of the thiourea decomposition. The data obtained are a preliminary stage in the development of a technology of chemical deposition of CdS films from ammonia-thiourea solutions.
Construction of a generalized model of the harmful substances biochemical destruction process kinetics under conditions of substrate inhibition using the methods of simulation modeling
(Технологический центр, 2019) Bakharievа, Ganna; Falalieieva, Tetiana; Petrov, Serhii; Mezentseva, Iryna; Kobylianskyi, Borys; Tolkunov, Ihor; Bondarenko, Oleksandr
For the purpose of obtaining the complete range of solutions for substrate inhibition of varying intensity, the mechanism of enzyme kinetics in a biocell was modeled by a multi-channel queuing system. A full range of solutions is required to make a well-grounded choice of a unified generalizing formula. The process of biodegradation with substrate inhibition was described mathematically using the method of dynamics of averages. For specific destruction rate, a full range of solutions Vn of the system from minimum n=2 to limiting n→∞ order was found. It was established that the parameters of the curve shape for the solution with minimum inhibition intensity V2 substantially stand out from the general series of the spectrum formulas. The value of the coordinate of function maximum (n=2) V2 is by 1.42 times higher than that of dependence (n=3) V3. In the numerical experiment, the physical test was simulated by description with the help of the method of the least squares of the data, assigned by the calculation from the formulas of different structures, bearing in mind a sporadic random error. The series of numerical experiments demonstrated the capability of the formula of limiting order formula Ve to describe the dependences of the whole spectrum of solutions. During describing the intermediate ratio V3 with the help of formulas V2 and Ve, the benefit is the possible range of changing the concentrations, which is by 1.5-2 times larger at the same relative error for dependence Vе. For critical minimal order, an average relative error is sure not to exceed five percent. An increase in random error always result in statistical equality, in accuracy of describing by formulas of minimal V2 and limiting orders Ve of the data, assigned by calculation of second-order dependences. Statistical equality is achieved at the ratio of a random error to the initial error equal to ≥2.4. Collectively, the importance of the results of numerical modeling of a physical experiment involves proving the possibility of using the formula of limiting order Ve as unified when describing the biodegradation processes with different mechanisms of substrate inhibition. This conclusion is proved by the adequate (R2=0.9396-0.9953) description with the help of the dependence of limiting order of experimental data on five harmful substances with varying inhibition degrees. A large amount of calculation allowed achieving a definite result – we obtained the unified formula that makes it possible to proceed to scientifically grounded design calculations for bio-treatment plants.
Determination of requirements for protection of radio-electronic means of security management of particularly important state energy facilities from the destructive impact of electromagnetic
(EverScience Publications, India, 2020) Akimov, Oleksandr; Karpa, Marta; Dubych, Clavdia; Zayats, Diana; Movmyga, Nataliia; Tverdokhliebova, Natalia
The article considers the issues of protection of electronic means from the destructive effects of electromagnetic radiation created by terrorist means of electromagnetic effects. The basic requirements to means of protection which are realized on the basis of use of nature-like technologies are defined. Possible variants of influence on radio electronic means (REM) are considered. Requirements for means of protection of electronic means against destructive electromagnetic influence created by terrorist means are defined. The necessity of protection of REM of especially important state objects from the destructive electromagnetic influence created by terrorist means by means of means of protection on the basis of use of the nature-like technologies is proved.
Determining the effect of multifunctional partitions on noise level at "open space" offices
(Технологический центр, 2019) Berezutskyi, Viacheslav; Ilinska, Olha; Vaskovets, Ludmila; Mezentseva, Iryna; Khalil, Viktoriya
Multifunction partitions and their influence on noise levels were explored. It was emphasized that the existing systems of classification of building partitions explore them based on the convenience of their use, material, design, etc. At the same time, not enough attention was paid to their impact on the indicators of a decrease in noise levels in office premises. Partitions are made of different materials, having different properties; they are different in shape and enclosure of premises or workspace at different distances from the floor. In such cases, there arises a complicated problem of selecting certain types of partitions, which, as shown in the research, make it possible to solve the problem of optimizing working conditions and reduce the negative effect of noise on the health of employees. The performed research showed that the set problem of noise reduction through the use of partitions can be solved. The factors that should be especially taken into consideration include the height of a partition (degree of enclosure of the height of premises by a partition), material of partitions, existence of technological openings and the geometry of their location. It was revealed that double-layer walls, made of heavy materials (density ≈2,500 kg/m3) and 100 % premises enclosure by height, can reduce the noise level by 2-3 times (from 90 dBA to 30-45 dBA). Glass partitions (glass pipes) of moderate heaviness (≈1,200 kg/m3) reduce noise by 1.5-1.6 times. If enclosure of premises is not complete or there are openings, ventilation shafts, etc., the effect of influence of partitions decreases considerably, reducing it almost to zero. Significant influence of partitions takes place in the frequency range of 200-3,000 Hz at noise level of 40-60 dBA. Noise was explored in the premises of the "Open space" type, where various options of partitions were applied (glass pipes in metal casings, ceramic panels, foam plastic panels). The research found that partitions can have a significant impact on noise indicators, but only on condition of complete enclosure of premises by height, closed doors and construction channels in walls. It was established that the material of partitions does not affect noise indicators if the degree of premises enclosure is not complete (less than 100 %). The studies proved the relevance of scientific substantiation of partitions’ application and of determining the relations of premises enclosure with the factors that affect employees with a view to improving their working conditions. Improvement of working conditions, in turn, will make it possible to decrease professional diseases, minimize turnover, and increase work efficiency.
Development of rational technology for sodium glyceroxide obtaining
(Технологічний центр, 2022) Korchak, Mykola; Bliznjuk, O. N.; Nekrasov, Serhii; Gavrish, Tatiana; Petrova, Olena; Shevchuk, Natalia; Strikha, Liudmyla; Kostyrkin, Oleg; Semenov, Evgeny; Saveliev, Dmytro
The process of sodium glyceroxide obtaining by the reaction of glycerol and sodium hydroxide in the form of an aqueous solution was investigated. Glycerol salts (metal glyceroxides) are important components in the synthesis of many compounds. Glyceroxides are used in the chemical industry, construction, medical practice, etc. Glyceroxides of alkali metals are used in the production of modified fats and biodiesel fuel. P.a.-grade glycerol (CAS Number 56-81-5) was used with a mass fraction of the main substance of 99.5 %. The parameters of sodium hydroxide (CAS Number 1310-73-2) were studied: the mass fraction of the main substance is 98.0 %, the mass fraction of sodium carbonate is 0.5%. Rational conditions for sodium glyceroxide obtaining were determined: temperature (145 °C) and concentration of sodium hydroxide solution (65 %). Under these conditions, the mass fraction of the main substance in the product was 80 %. The melting point (72 °C) and mass fraction of moisture (0.3 %) in sodium glyceroxide were determined. The catalytic activity of the product in the process of transesterification of palm olein was tested. The increase in the melting point of palm olein was 15 °C. Under similar conditions of using potassium glyceroxide with a mass fraction of the main substance of 75.77 %, the increase in the melting point is 12.1 °C. This indicates an increase in the efficiency of the transesterification process using sodium glyceroxide obtained by the developed technology. The research results make it possible to produce sodium glyceroxide under rational conditions with a high mass fraction of the main substance at enterprises that use metal glyceroxides as a production component or commercial product. The determined rational conditions will make it possible to effectively use the company’s resources and predict the quality of the final product. Досліджено процес одержання натрій гліцерату шляхом реагування гліцерину та натрій гідроксиду у вигляді водного розчину. Солі гліцерину (гліцерати металів) є важливими складовими у процесах синтезу багатьох сполук. Гліцерати застосовуються у хімічній промисловості, будівництві, медичній практиці тощо. Гліцерати лужних металів використовуються у виробництві модифікованих жирів та біодизельного пального. Застосовано гліцерин (CAS Number 56-81-5) кваліфікації ч. д. а. з масовою часткою основної речовини 99,5 %. Досліджено показники натрій гідроксиду (CAS Number 1310-73-2): масова частка основної речовини – 98,0 %, масова частка натрій карбонату – 0,5 %. Встановлено раціональні умови отримання натрій гліцерату: температуру (145 °C) та концентрацію розчину натрій гідроксиду (65 %). За цих умов масова частка основної речовини в продукті склала 80 %. В натрій гліцераті визначено температуру плавлення (72 °C) та масову частку вологи (0,3 %). Перевірено каталітичну активність продукту у процесі переетерифікування олеїну пальмового. Підвищення температури плавлення олеїну пальмового склало 15 °C. За аналогічних умов використання калій гліцерату з масовою часткою основної речовини 75,77 % підвищення температури плавлення становить 12,1 °C. Це свідчить про підвищення ефективності процесу переетерифікування з використанням натрій гліцерату, отриманого за розробленою технологією. Результати досліджень дають можливість виробляти натрій гліцерат за раціональних умов з високою масовою часткою основної речовини на підприємствах, де використовують гліцерати металів як складову виробництва або товарний продукт. Встановлені раціональні умови дозволять ефективно використовувати ресурси підприємства та прогнозувати якість кінцевого продукту.
Development of safe technology of obtaining fatty acid monoglycerides using a new catalyst
(ПП "Технологічний Центр", 2022) Bliznjuk, O. N.; Masalitina, N. Yu.; Mezentseva, Iryna; Novozhylova, Tetiana; Korchak, Mykola; Haliasnyi, Ivan; Gavrish, Tatiana; Fomina, Iryna; Khalil, Viktoriya; Nikitchenko, Olga
Fatty acid monoglycerides are a valuable component of the products of various industries. The emulsifying ability of monoglycerides is used in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food production. The process of fatty acid monoglycerides obtaining by the reaction of vegetable hydrogenated fat (salomas) with glycerol (glycerolysis method) has been studied. Potassium glycerate is used as a catalyst, which is characterized by high efficiency and safety of production and use. A feature of the work is the study of the dependence of the yield and melting point of monoglycerides on the technological parameters of glycerolysis. As a raw material, hydrogenated refined fat according to DSTU 5040 (CAS Number 68334-28-1) was used: melting point – 48 °C, mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances – 0.08 %, acid value – 0.25 mg KOH/g, peroxide value – 2.8 ½ O mmol/kg. In all experiments, the glycerolysis temperature was 180 °C, the catalyst concentration – 0.5 % in terms of metal. Rational conditions for glycerolysis were determined: duration (90 min.) and glycerol concentration (50 %). Under these conditions, the monoglycerides yield was 32.9 %, melting point – 61.5 °C. The mass fraction of free glycerol in monoglycerides was 1.0 %, acid value – 2.2 mg KOH/g. The efficiency of monoglycerides obtaining using potassium hydroxide and glycerol mixture as a catalyst under certain rational conditions has been studied. The monoglycerides yield of 30.1 %, melting point of 59 °C were obtained. Therefore, the use of potassium glycerate catalyst is more efficient. The results of the study make it possible to improve the technology for the production of fatty acid monoglycerides using a new catalyst and use resources rationally.
Development of soapstock processing technology to ensure waste-free and safe production
(Технологічний центр, 2021) Kalyna, V. N.; Koshulko, Vitalii; Ilinska, O. V.; Tverdokhliebova, Natalia; Tolstousova, Oksana; Bliznjuk, Olga; Gavrish, Tatiana; Stankevych, Sergij; Zabrodina, Inna; Zhulinska, Oksana
Soapstock is a large-tonnage waste of the oil and fat industry, the disposal of which is environmentally hazardous. Processing of soapstock into industrially valuable products, in particular, fatty acids, is promising. The method for producing fatty acids, which consists in sequential saponification of soapstock with sodium hydroxide solution, salting out with sodium chloride and decomposition with sulfuric acid solution has been investigated. The feature of this work is the study of the effect of salting out conditions of saponified soapstock on the yield and neutralization number of fatty acids. As an experimental sample, sunflower soapstock was used, the indicators of which correspond to DSTU 5033 (CAS 68952-95-4): mass fraction of total fat – 67.3 %, fatty acids – 61.8 %, neutral fat – 5.5 %. Soapstock was subjected to preliminary saponification under the following conditions: duration 85 min., concentration of sodium hydroxide solution 45 %. After that, the saponified mass was subjected to salting out. The obtained core soap was decomposed with the sulfuric acid solution under the following conditions: temperature 90 °C, duration 40 min. Rational salting out conditions were determined: duration (80 min.) and sodium chloride concentration (16 %). Under these conditions, the fatty acid yield is 95.0 %, the neutralization number is 194.8 mg KOH/g. The resulting fatty acids comply with DSTU 4860 (CAS 61788-66-7): the mass fraction of moisture and volatiles is 0.85 %, the mass fraction of total fat is 98.9 %, cleavage depth is 94.2 % oleic acid. This method of soapstock processing increases the fatty acid yield by 3.5 % compared to the method with saponification and decomposition, by 20.3 % compared to the method of soapstock decomposition with sulfuric acid. At the same time, the neutralization number increases by 4.1 % and 8.2 %, respectively. The improved method for fatty acids producing from soapstock provides highquality fatty acids with increased yield.
Distance learning - new opportunities
(ФОП Панов А. М., 2020) Berezutskyi, Viacheslav; Luftman, Jerry
It describes the current conditions of human survival and shows the use of distance education to acquire new knowledge and successful career advancement.
Ensuring psychological safety to develop students’ risk-based thinking of the specialty "Civil security"
(Харківський національний педагогічний університет ім. Г. С. Сковороди, 2022) Yevtushenko, N. S.; Tverdokhliebova, Natalia; Mezentseva, I. O.
Ukrainian society is exposed to external threats from the war with Russia, which negatively affects the plans, goals and quality of life, increases psychological tension and leads to a deterioration in the mental and social health of the population. This also applies to participants in the educational environment. The relevance of studying the state, experience, psychological and social capabilities of modern students is growing during the conduct of hostilities in Ukraine. Hence, the issue of psychological safety in the interaction of participants in the educational environment in distance and mixed forms of education becomes a priority. The process of forming risk-oriented thinking of students of a technical educational institution provides for training in understanding the phenomenon of risk-based thinking in the unity of three incarnations: a person himself determines what is acceptable for him, taking into account possible negative consequences, the presence of moral attitudes to preserve the life and health of people of social values of development social relations that exclude danger.
Environmental monitoring
(Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2017) Pelyukhnya, P. R.; Berezutskyi, V. V.
The subject of environmental monitoring is the organization and operation of a monitoring system for assessing and forecasting the state of ecological systems in future, their elements, and the biosphere, the nature of the impact on them of natural and anthropogenic factors. Objects of environmental monitoring, depending on the level and purpose of research, are the environment, its elements and sources of influence on them, in particular, atmospheric air, underground and surface water, soils, waste, adverse natural processes. This work considers three main areas: soil, water, air and compares the structure of environmental monitoring in Ukraine and Europe, problems and prospects of their development in our country.
Establishing the patterns in anode behavior of copper in phosphoric acid solutions when adding alcohols
(Технологічний центр, 2018) Silchenko, Dar'ja; Pilipenko, Alexei; Pancheva, Hanna; Khrystych, Olena; Chyrkina, Marina; Semenov, Evgeny
We have investigated the anodic polarization dependences of the copper electrode in phosphate-alcoholic solutions. The dependences derived can be divided into regions, each of which corresponds to the course of certain electrochemical reactions within the specified range of potentials.
Examining the efficiency of electrochemical purification of storm wastewater at machine building enterprises
(PC Tесhnology сеntеr, 2018) Maksimenko, O.; Pancheva, H.; Madzhd, S.; Pysanko, Y.; Briankin, O.; Tykhomyrova, T.; Hrebeniuk, T.
We have examined the composition of polluted storm water discharged from the territory of a machine building enterprise. It was established that the territory was unevenly polluted, with the surface wastewater from the area adjacent to the production shops dominated by ions of copper, to 1.1 mg/dm³; zinc, to 2.0 mg/dm³; nickel, to 1.6 mg/dm³; chromium, to 0.93 mg/dm³, and lead, to 5.0 mg/dm³. It was found that the removal of metals’ ions during electrocoagulation treatment is significantly influenced by the following factors: a flow rate of the wastewater sent for purification; duration of wastewater settling upon electrocoagulation, and current density during electrolysis. We have defined optimal parameters for the wastewater treatment process. Based on experimental research, we have built graphic dependences of purification effectiveness on current density and water settling time. The optimal parameters were determined for the wastewater treatment process, which ensure sufficiently high efficiency of water purification from heavy metals’ ions (to match the values for discharge standards) at an acceptable amount of electricity. It was established that the best conditions for deposition of nickel and lead are a current density of 50 A/m³ and a time of settling after electrocoagulation of 9 hours. The optimal conditions for depositing copper and zinc are 12 hours, and it is possible to lower the concentration of chromium to safe concentrations at a current density of 10 A/m³ and a time of settling of 4 hours. It was revealed that the effectiveness of purification from metals’ ions increases significantly with an increase in the current density and settling time; in addition, the efficiency of settling is 1.4‒3 times higher than the increase in current density. It is shown that prolonging the time of settling might not always compensate for the decrease in current density during electrocoagulation, which requires selecting the optimal balance of all factors. The experimental data that we acquired are necessary to calculate the technological process parameters. By applying a method of fullfactor experiment, we have constructed mathematical models of the process, which include the dependence of response (the residual concentration) on the aboveenumerated factors. The proposed models could make it possible to control the process of electrocoagulation by influencing those factors on which the efficiency of purification depends.
Features of training protection for labor and professional safety: competently approach
(Publishing House Wyższa Szkoła Zarządzania i Administracji w Opolu, 2019) Movmyga, Nataliya
У змісті статті розглядаються сучасні підходи до визначення поняття «компетентність», «компетентність», «кваліфікація». Було виявлено, що Європейська система навчання впродовж життя зосереджується на ефективних аспектах вираження компетентності та використовує таке визначення: компетентність означає підтверджену здатність використовувати знання, навички та особисті, соціальні та/або методологічні навички в робочих або навчальних ситуаціях. і заради професійного та особистого розвитку. У статті описано характеристику розділів навчальних програм та їх вимоги до формування професійних компетентностей спеціалістів з охорони праці та охорони праці в магістратурі.

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