Кафедра "Безпека праці та навколишнього середовища"

Постійне посилання колекціїhttps://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/2354

Офіційний сайт кафедри http://web.kpi.kharkov.ua/safetyofliving

Від 2020 року кафедра має назву "Безпека праці та навколишнього середовища", попередня назва – "Охорона праці та навколишнього середовища", первісна назва – кафедра "Охорона праці".

Кафедра "Охорона праці" була створена в 1963 році. Першим її завідувачем був доцент Наумов С. С., який очолював кафедру протягом 1963-1970 років.

За час існування кафедри, крізь її "стіни" пройшло понад 70 тисяч студентів.

Кафедра входить до складу Навчально-наукового інституту механічної інженерії і транспорту Національного технічного університету "Харківський політехнічний інститут".

У складі науково-педагогічного колективу кафедри працюють 25 викладачів, серед яких 2 доктора технічних наук, 17 – кандидатів технічних, біологічних та психологічних наук, 1 – доктор філософії, 3 співробітника мають звання професора, 14 – доцента.

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Determining the dynamics of carbon monoxide formation during gas welding processes
(Технологічний центр, 2021) Berezutskyi, Viacheslav; Khondak, Inna; Berezutska, Nataliia
This paper reports a study of the air medium where welding processes take place, with special attention paid to the evolution of carbon monoxide (CO) in the working medium in the process of gas welding. Plots were constructed and polynomial dependences were obtained to show a change in the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air of the working area during gas welding. It was confirmed experimentally that the concentration of carbon monoxide exceeds the permissible sanitary and hygienic indicators MPC (20 mg/m3) during gas welding. As a result of the experiment, the effectiveness of the use of an additional device was proven, namely an umbrella gas concentrator, in order to capture welding gases that are formed during gas welding. It was established that the MPC is exceeded under certain working conditions and welding wire. The carbon monoxide formation during gas welding was analyzed; these processes were compared with electric arc welding. The mathematical dependences derived make it possible to assess the risks of the welders’ work and conclude that the electric arc welding is characterized by a much higher rate of CO evolution from the beginning of the welding process (8.5 mg/s), that speed then decreases over 20 s by 2 times (to 4.5 mg/s). In 90 s, the speed becomes constant, to 2 mg/s. In comparison, gas welding has almost the same rate of CO formation, namely 0.3–0.9 mg/s. By changing the types of welding wires used in gas welding and taking into consideration the type of material that needs to be welded (including the period of its use), it is possible to influence the volume of CO emissions entering the working area and an employee’s respiratory area.
Modern rain sewerage systems of machinebuilding enterprises
(2021) Berezutskyi, Viacheslav; Maksimenko, Olena
Rationing of sanitary and hygienic requirements in the context of a pandemic
(Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2021) Berezutskyi, Viacheslav; Hofreiter, Ladislav
The new ETS standard recommended by OSHA for implementation is presented, the measures implemented in Ukraine to prevent a pandemic are considered.
Preventing Occupational Diseases and Injuries in Ukraine: The Socio-Economic Perspective
(2020) Berezutska, Natalia; Stytsenko, Tetiana; Berezutskyi, Viacheslav
The transition of the Ukrainian economy to market conditions is related to the fact that there is frequently a restriction of the funds allocated for labour protection. Therefore, the main task of improving the safety management system in an enterprise in the context of economic reform is to ensure maximum efficiency, given the existing levels of restrictions on management actions. These tasks can be achieved through the optimal allocation of available human and financial management resources, the correct selection of the number and quality of management personnel, making sound, management decisions which are close to optimal. What is of utmost importance is the availability of complete, objective information about the state of the object of management, the state of injury and occupational diseases in the enterprise and developed and scientifically sound methods of its processing and management decisions. This is impossible without the creation of modern information systems in the field of occupational safety.
Impact of Occupational Risks on Financial Security: Insights from Ukrainian Enterprises
(2020) Berezutskyi, Viacheslav; Khalil, Viktoriya; Berezutska, Natalia; Stytsenko, Tetiana
The unstable economic situation in Ukraine is characterised by the unpredictability of the ongoing economic processes, the frequent change of economic ups and downs, the negative dynamics of functioning which as a result poses a threat to the financial security of the state and business entities. The transition to market relations determines the increasing role of finance. Market instruments are mainly elements of the financial mechanism are part of the financial system and stand out in an independent segment of the economy. On the basis of their dominant position, the modern economy can be characterised as an economy that is managed through financial mechanisms using leverage, and financial incentives for financial purposes. Therefore, the issue of ensuring the appropriate level of financial security of the enterprise requires special attention, the study of all its components (Luppol and Ermolenko 2016).
Assessment and prevention of the propagation of carbon monoxide over a working area at ARC welding
(Технологический центр, 2019) Berezutskyi, Viacheslav; Hondak, Inna; Berezutska, Nataliia; Dmitrik, Vitaly; Gorbenko, Veronika; Makarenko, Viktoriia
This paper reports a study of air environment at industrial premises where welding processes take place, with special attention paid to the formation of carbon monoxide (oxide) (CO) in the working environment in the process of manual arc welding. We have given the classification of basic harmful substances generated during welding and related processes in terms of the character of negative influence on the body of a welder. A mathematical model of the dynamics of change in the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air of a working area has been constructed, based on the amount of a harmful substance (m) in the air at premises at a time point, the intensity of its release into air, and the air exchange rate. A given mathematical model includes the propagation of carbon monoxide in the air, considering the air exchange between the overall volume of a premise and the local volumes of working zones. There are not enough studies into the formation of carbon monoxide during welding processes, which is why examining this process is a priority. Out experimental study has confirmed that the concentration of carbon monoxide outside the local volumes of local ventilation devices, that is in the air of working zones, remains constant (to 0.01 mg/m³) and does not exceed MPC (20 mg/m³). A failure or the absence of general ventilation leads to a rapid increase in the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) in line with an exponential dependence (from 150 to 200 mg/m³ over 0.5-0.6 hours) within a small closed workspace (1 m³), and can quickly spread throughout the entire premise. However, a failure or the absence of general ventilation leads to a rapid increase in the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) in line with an exponential dependence. This indicates that general ventilation is important, but it does not warrant safety for welders and other workers from gas poisoning. Therefore, the use of local ventilation must be ensured, as well as respiratory protection for all present when conducting welding processes. The derived mathematical models make it possible to assess risks during welders’ operations, to take into consideration CO emissions when calculating ventilation systems in working areas, to adjust the system that manages risks and labor safety
Distance learning - new opportunities
(ФОП Панов А. М., 2020) Berezutskyi, Viacheslav; Luftman, Jerry
It describes the current conditions of human survival and shows the use of distance education to acquire new knowledge and successful career advancement.
Information technologies in management of professional safety
(Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2019) Berezutskyi, Viacheslav; Luftman, Jerry
The issues considered are the integration of IT technologies in the management of professional safety of employees and employees. An insufficient level of application of software at Ukraine in IT technologies is pervasive, which hinders the development of management in security matters. The possibilities of GIIM (USA) in providing education/training and certification in the field of managing IT technologies are shown.
Certification of workplaces and risks
(ГО "СФБЖДЛ", 2016) Berezutskyi, Viacheslav; Skibniewska, Krystyna; Madieva, Gulmira
At this material were analyzed of conformity to carry out of certification of workplaces by the old regulatory requirements and international standards that are including the maps of risk a workplaces. New approaches to the procedure for certification of workplaces taking into account the requirements of international standards and risk.
Determining the effect of multifunctional partitions on noise level at "open space" offices
(Технологический центр, 2019) Berezutskyi, Viacheslav; Ilinska, Olha; Vaskovets, Ludmila; Mezentseva, Iryna; Khalil, Viktoriya
Multifunction partitions and their influence on noise levels were explored. It was emphasized that the existing systems of classification of building partitions explore them based on the convenience of their use, material, design, etc. At the same time, not enough attention was paid to their impact on the indicators of a decrease in noise levels in office premises. Partitions are made of different materials, having different properties; they are different in shape and enclosure of premises or workspace at different distances from the floor. In such cases, there arises a complicated problem of selecting certain types of partitions, which, as shown in the research, make it possible to solve the problem of optimizing working conditions and reduce the negative effect of noise on the health of employees. The performed research showed that the set problem of noise reduction through the use of partitions can be solved. The factors that should be especially taken into consideration include the height of a partition (degree of enclosure of the height of premises by a partition), material of partitions, existence of technological openings and the geometry of their location. It was revealed that double-layer walls, made of heavy materials (density ≈2,500 kg/m3) and 100 % premises enclosure by height, can reduce the noise level by 2-3 times (from 90 dBA to 30-45 dBA). Glass partitions (glass pipes) of moderate heaviness (≈1,200 kg/m3) reduce noise by 1.5-1.6 times. If enclosure of premises is not complete or there are openings, ventilation shafts, etc., the effect of influence of partitions decreases considerably, reducing it almost to zero. Significant influence of partitions takes place in the frequency range of 200-3,000 Hz at noise level of 40-60 dBA. Noise was explored in the premises of the "Open space" type, where various options of partitions were applied (glass pipes in metal casings, ceramic panels, foam plastic panels). The research found that partitions can have a significant impact on noise indicators, but only on condition of complete enclosure of premises by height, closed doors and construction channels in walls. It was established that the material of partitions does not affect noise indicators if the degree of premises enclosure is not complete (less than 100 %). The studies proved the relevance of scientific substantiation of partitions’ application and of determining the relations of premises enclosure with the factors that affect employees with a view to improving their working conditions. Improvement of working conditions, in turn, will make it possible to decrease professional diseases, minimize turnover, and increase work efficiency.