Кафедра "Безпека праці та навколишнього середовища"
Постійне посилання колекціїhttps://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/2354
Офіційний сайт кафедри http://web.kpi.kharkov.ua/safetyofliving
Від 2020 року кафедра має назву "Безпека праці та навколишнього середовища", попередня назва – "Охорона праці та навколишнього середовища", первісна назва – кафедра "Охорона праці".
Кафедра "Охорона праці" була створена в 1963 році. Першим її завідувачем був доцент Наумов С. С., який очолював кафедру протягом 1963-1970 років.
За час існування кафедри, крізь її "стіни" пройшло понад 70 тисяч студентів.
Кафедра входить до складу Навчально-наукового інституту механічної інженерії і транспорту Національного технічного університету "Харківський політехнічний інститут".
У складі науково-педагогічного колективу кафедри працюють 25 викладачів, серед яких 2 доктора технічних наук, 17 – кандидатів технічних, біологічних та психологічних наук, 1 – доктор філософії, 3 співробітника мають звання професора, 14 – доцента.
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Документ Formation of health culture and self-preservation behavior of young people in the system of higher professional education(Громадська наукова організація "Всеукраїнська асамблея докторів наук з державного управління", 2023) Polezhaieva, O. V.; Movmyga, N. E.Human health has always been a socially significant element that most acutely determines the peculiarities of modern society state, as evidenced by the results of numerous sociological studies. It is known that health is the most important value both in the life of an individual and of the whole society. In this regard, since ancient times, various aspects of health maintaining and strengthening, formation of the foundations of self-preservation behavior and a culture of health have been studied in medicine, philosophy, psychology, sociology and pedagogy. Today, there is a progressive aggravation in the health of all population groups, but the health of young people is of a particular concern, which is associated with a significant decrease in the number of this population category, deterioration of their somatic, mental and reproductive health. Health in modern society is considered as a global problem, which at the level of society determines the possibilities for survival and at the individual level as the possibilities of an individual for self-preservation, self-knowledge and self-actualization. First of all, it is about the formation of a complex of qualities and abilities of an individual, which is aimed at self-development and connected not only with the desire to occupy a certain social position, which will allow an individual to realize himself as a social subject, revealing and improving his potential, but also to live a full life and bring a great benefit to society. Today young generation is left without reliable social reference points. The destruction of traditional forms of socialization increased the personal responsibility of young people for their fate, putting them in front of the necessity of choice, revealed the unwillingness of most of them to join new social relations. Modern social realities require a qualitative understanding of a place and role of health and self-preservation behavior in the system of values, analysis of value orientations and life practices of students as agents of social change. Such a view of the problem will open opportunities for a deeper understanding of the most significant determinants of a healthy lifestyle, differences and similarities in everyday behavior of this social group, formation of dominant self-preservation behaviors that can be formed through education. Possessing the basics of health and self-preservation behavior is the main value of young generation and requires the assimilation of a certain amount of knowledge and skills acquired at the beginning of socialization in an educational establishment. It is what this article is dedicated to.Документ Basics of psychophysiological assurance of the reliability of professional activity and efficiency of a human operator(2022) Movmyga, N. E.; Maksymenko, O. A.Technical progress on the modern stage of society development is accompanied by the continuous increase of human role in the achievement of high efficiency and quality of work. Complex mechanization of production processes, control systems automation, the usage of computer engineering, and information models of individual and collective usage radically change labor characteristics. A man performs operator functions, his activities continuously become more complicated despite permanent progress of technique and automation of production processes. Modern control system imposes responsibility both on a man, using technique and on that who ensures efficiency and reliability of this usage. Role of human factor in occupational safety is very great. Psychophysiological features of labor process participants are especially important. Psychophysiological basis of safety is based on psychology and physiology of a man. Psychophysiology of occupational safety is based on such sciences as physiology of labor, engineering psychology, ergonomics, etc. Safety psychology considers the application of psychological knowledge for occupational health safety ensurance and is a key point in the structure of actions aimed at human safe activity. Both, internal and external factors influence on the occurrence of such adverse state as stress, fatigue, and decrease in working capacity. The following external factors may be present at production enterprises: microclimat parameters, light, noise, vibration, the other labor environment, social-psychological climate, management style, etc. The following factors may be considered as internal reasons of adverse functional conditions: nervous system type, temperament, professional skills, etc. The aspect of internal factors which have an impact on the appearance of adverse functional conditions is not well studied nowadays. When hiring an employee and during his adaptation it is necessary to take into consideration his psychological features, as they directly impact success and work speed, his condition. It is necessary to take into account an employee's functional conditions during his work performance. The objective of the metodological instructions "Basis of psychophysiological assurance of professional activity reliability and human operator efficiency" is the formation of theoretical knowledge and practical skills which include holistically interconnected physiological and psychological patterns of employee's professional activity, causing efficiency, reliability and occupational health safety, professional health and longevity increase.Документ Use of STEM-technologies in the educational process in the training of technical profile specialists(Громадська наукова організація "Всеукраїнська асамблея докторів наук з державного управління", 2023) Movmyga, N. E.; Polezhaieva, O. V.; Gyrenko, I. V.This article examines the relevance and necessity of introducing an innovative approach to modern education which is called the STEM-approach and is focused on the formation of students' skills in scientific research, engineering, invention, entrepreneurship, and professional self-determination. Today, higher education should provide training of specialists with professional skills that reflect their professional competence, social orientation, values and ability to satisfy personal and social needs, i.e. persons with such a professional level that would meet modern international requirements and standards. The authors analyzed the essential characteristics of the STEM approach as a new and innovative mechanism of transformation of modern higher education through science. The necessity to introduce STEM technologies into the educational process of technical specialists was determined. The advantages of their absorption were identified and the stages of professional education of technical specialists with the help of STEM technologies were determined. The article outlines the need for this application in the perspective of the considered problem. It is determined that STEM education with the help of practice-oriented methods opens up the ways of development and application of scientific and technical knowledge for professional growth to specialists in technical sphere. It provides many opportunities and development of mental, cognitive and creative qualities of future specialists, the level of which determines their competitiveness in the modern labor market: an ability and readiness to solve complex tasks (problems), critical thinking, creativity, cognitive flexibility, cooperation, management, implementation of innovative activities, ability to act effectively in conditions of uncertainty, etc. STEM, as a process of external influence on an individual, is aimed at personal (acquiring authentic practical experience of innovative activity, knowledge management, learning, ecological thinking, emotional intelligence, introspection and reflection) and social (communication, mentoring and monitoring, teamwork, nonviolent communication) aspects. In this regard, the authors also paid attention to the formation of soft skills - developed personal qualities that help to perform work effectively and successfully, build future career and be in demand and stay ompetitive in the modern labor market. Through the conducted research, the authors of the article emphasized that the introduction of STEM technologies into the educational process of technical specialists is aimed at training specialists with a new type of thinking, without which the development of innovative economy and formation of scientific and technical elite of Ukraine are not possible.Документ The pedagogic conditions for the formation of activity safety culture(Громадська наукова організація "Всеукраїнська асамблея докторів наук з державного управління", 2023) Demidova, Yu. Ye.; Movmyga, N. E.Документ Guidelines for laboratory works on the topic "Industrial noise study"(2022) Mezentseva, I. O.; Ilinska, O. I.; Movmyga, N. E.Guidelines for laboratory works are intended for practical work from the course "Fundamentals of Occupational Safety and Health" of the first (bachelor's) level of training for students of higher education in the specialties of the NTU KhPI. It is well known that noise adversely affects the human body. Workers who deal with noisy machines and mechanisms develop permanent hearing impairment, which often leads to occupational diseases. The long-term effect of noise on the human body leads to the development of chronic overfatigue, impaired thermoregulation, and the appearance of such symptoms as poor sleep, drowsiness, and impaired thermoregulation. All this can cause an accident at work. Noise affects the digestive and circulatory systems, the cardiovascular and endocrine systems, the nervous system, etc. Noise not only worsens a person's well-being, but also reduces work productivity by 10-15%. In this regard, the fight against it is not only of sanitary and hygienic importance, but also of great technical and economic importance. Industrial noise is one of the main harmful factors that causes occupational sensorineural deafness in workers of various professional groups. In the structure of occupational diseases in Ukraine, hearing diseases occupy the third place - 14.9% of the total number of diagnoses. Machine-building enterprises are one of the powerful sources of noise pollution. The purpose of these methodological instructions is for students to acquire the skills to independently solve an engineering problem: development of acoustic means of protection against noise in production, selection of the optimal option; determining the effectiveness of noise reduction measures at workplaces, taking into account the characteristics of noise sources and the peculiarities of their location in the room, etc. The goal of the work "Industrial noise study" is to assimilate the ways of constant noise rationing, experimental study and calculation of sound level (the sound pressure) from several sources, as well as sound isolation properties of a wall partition.