Кафедра "Гуманітарні науки"

Постійне посилання колекціїhttps://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/1702

Офіційний сайт кафедри http://http://web.kpi.kharkov.ua/kgn

Увага! Поповнення колекції кафедри "Гуманітарні науки" тимчасово, від травня 2023 року, призупинено.

Кафедра "Гуманітарні науки" існує від 1973 року.

Більшість фахівців кафедри викладали в різних країнах світу – в Австрії, Великобританії, Швеції, Іспанії, Італії, Сірії, Шрі-Ланці, Монголії, Алжирі, Афганістані, Гвінеї, Судані, на Кубі і Мадагаскарі.

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Occasional words as a linguistic phenomenon and expression of authors’ selves
(ВД "Гельветика", 2021) Nagaitseva, N. I.; Romanov, Yu. O.
This article is devoted to occasionalisms – speech units unknown to common vocabulary and used only in a certain context as an individual author’s stylistic means. The features of occasional words are: belonging to speech, nonce use, non-repeatability, expressiveness, nominative optionality, word-formation productivity, non-normativity, and so on. Occasionalisms can be formed not only according to existing word-formation models but also with violations of the rules of word-formation inherent in a language; and also using occasional means: inter-word overlap, contamination, graphical derivation, etc. Occasionalisms should be distinguished from neologisms because of their different functions: neologisms are meant to enrich a language lexicon while occasionalisms or nonce words merely have a stylistic function. The article attempts to provide a selection of occasionalisms (nouns, adjectives, verbs, participles and adverbial participles, adverbs) occurred in the poetic works of Russian symbolists, acmeists, futurists and consider such means of their formation as: suffixation, interfixation, use of singularia tantum in plural and vice versa, pluralia tantum in singular – for nouns; suffixation, interfixation, incorrect forms of comparatives – for adjectives; affixation – for verbs; use of archaic suffixes, occasional combinatory power, incorrect forms – for participles and adverbial participles; derivation not only from adjectives but also from nouns and verbs, stem-composition – for adverbs. From the analysis of occasionalisms in the poetic discourse of the brightest literary trends of the last century, it follows that even this insignificant quantitatively, but qualitatively unique segment of poetic speech makes it possible to understand the essential individuality of authors, to fully feel the expression of the authors’ selves.
The Aktionsarten as a lacuna for RFL learners
(ВД "Гельветика", 2021) Nagaitseva, N. I.; Romanov, Yu. O.
The article is devoted to a detailed analysis of the Aktionsarten; despite diversity and large volume, they are not covered by existing RFL (Russian as a foreign language) programs. Semantic and structural types of verbs that demonstrate a change in the meaning of a motivating prefixless verb in terms of expressing temporal, quantitative, and terminative characteristics of an action after adding appropriate affixes to it are considered to be Aktionsarten. Most Aktionsarten are formed from imperfective verbs by adding certain prefixes (and in the case at hand, the postfix -ся) resulting in Aktionsarten related to the perfective aspect. An insignificant number of Aktionsarten formed with the help of imperfect suffixes -ва-, -ив(а)-, -ыв(а)- refer to the imperfective aspect. The concept of Aktionsart was introduced by the Swedish linguist S. Agrell to designate the semantic functions of prefixed verbs which clarify the nature of the action; he was the first to distinguish the category of the aspect of a verb from the category of Aktionsart. Further study of the nature of the course of action and aspects expanded the understanding of the term: Aktionsarten are correlated not only with prefix verb formations but also with all verb derivatives formed with the help of other word-formation means (prefixes, suffixes, postfixes, and their combination). This article considers the meaning of semantic and derivational groups of verbs distinguished on the basis of temporal, quantitative, and terminative characteristics. With this approach, the concept of Aktionsart is not applicable to the entire verb vocabulary; this is the case of verbs that are verbal derivatives (their derivational formants are considered to be modification formants). The article attempts to minimize (for the purposes of RFL teaching) the number of Aktionsarten and provide lists of the most commonly used and semantically transparent verbs with rich word-formation potential; examples of their use in a poetic context are meant to interest students in literary works; the effective learning of Aktionsarten undoubtedly opens new opportunities for international students in RFL acquisition.
Presentation of singularia and pluralia tantum nouns in a course of Russian as a foreign language
(Гельветика, 2020) Nagaitseva, N. I.; Romanov, Yu.
This article considers singularia and pluralia tantum nouns; despite the absence of this topic in programs on teaching Russian as a foreign language (RFL), it must be acknowledged that singularia tantum nouns constitute a significant layer of vocabulary and are quite commonly used, and pluralia tantum nouns are closely linked to cultural discourse and cannot be painlessly excluded from lexical system of the Russian language. Although this phenomenon has been thoroughly studied in classical editions of Russian grammar, problems of category of number and in particular singularia and pluralia tantum nouns are still widely discussed by modern linguists (as is noted, complex subjects can be designated both as forms of singular and forms of plural, therefore the three groups of nouns can be found: pluralia tantum (a single object indicated by plural: ворота), a full-numbered paradigm (one object is indicated by singular: ракушка), and nouns with a paradigm fluctuation (one object is indicated by both singular and plural: дверь / двери); there is a dramatic rise in the use of plural forms of many abstract nouns (риск, продажа) forming a crucial change in the development trend of Russian abstract noun number paradigms). We assume that in RFL teaching, it is important to follow the principles of step by step presentation of theoretical information on this topic (common singularia and pluralia tantum nouns, their grammatical properties, derivative characteristics; proper singularia and pluralia tantum nouns; synonymy, antonymy, and homonymy of singularia and pluralia tantum nouns; occasionalisms, etc.) to help students reach a higher level of Russian language proficiency.
Participles and adverbial participles in teaching Russian as a foreign language
(ВД "Гельветика", 2020) Nagaitseva, N. I.; Romanov, Yu. O.
This article considers participles and adverbial participles, the extremely complex and specific phenomena, though scarcely highlighted in programs on teaching Russian as a foreign language (RFL). It is quite clear that an immersion in participles and adverbial participles cannot be superficial; they require non-standard approaches to their presentation. In RFL teaching, it is important to follow the theoretical foundations acccording to which participles and adverbial participles are understood as special hybrid parts of speech that synthesize some of semantic, morphological, and syntactic features of a verb and adjective (participles), verb and adverb (adverbial participles). The features of adverbial participles to be taken into account are followings: “second predicate” role, i.e. ability to express additional action of the same subject; irregular way of formation; influence of verbal aspectual and temporal factors exerted on the grammatical meaning; adverbial participial phrase peculiarities; obsolete forms of perfect adverbial participles occasional adverbial participle formation. The peculiarities of participles to be placed the emphasis on are: they receive the category of transitivity / intransitivity and voice meanings from the productive verbs (but the forms for expressing voices (active and passive) in verbs and participles are different), and the features expressed by participles are temporary in contrast to the permanent features expressed by adjectives; there are full and short forms of participles; participle clauses (participles with dependent words) are easily replaced by synonymous definitive subordinate clauses with connective word который; in a system of participles, loss of affiliation with verb may occur; occasional participles, often present in literary texts, require special learners’ attention. Thus, adverbial participles and participles are to be considered living and promising parts of speech of modern Russian language widely used both in artistic works and in the language of science.
Particles as a touchstone to determine the level of international students’ Russian language proficiency
(Міжнародний гуманітарний університет, 2018) Nagaitseva, N. I.; Romanov, Yu.
У статті розглянуто зміст і методику навчання російській мові як іноземній (РЯІ) в межах спецкурсу з російських часток; навички їх правильного вживання є абсолютно необхідними і відображають рівень володіння іноземних учнів російською мовою.
Russian adverb as the "thing in itself"
(Міжнародний гуманітарний університет, 2017) Nagaitseva, N. I.; Romanov, Yu.
The article gives an analysis of the specific lexical and grammatical group of words, adverbs, in terms of teaching Russian as a foreign language; the comparison of Russian and English adverbs is given; the conclusions concerning the methods of teaching Russian adverbs to international students are made.
Preposition as a grammatical marker of language peculiarities
(Міжнародний гуманітарний університет, 2016) Nagaitseva, N. I.; Romanov, Yu.
The article gives an analysis of the specific lexical and grammatical group of words, prepositions, in terms of teaching Russian as a foreign language; the comparison of Russian and English prepositions is given; the conclusions concerning the methods of teaching Russian prepositions to international students are made.