Ефективність функціонування економічних суб'єктів на мікро- і макрорівнях

Abstract

У статті досліджено проблеми ефективності функціонування економічних суб’єктів на мікро- і макрорівнях. Проаналізовано рентабельність операційної діяльності підприємств за видами економічної діяльності, динаміку рівня рентабельності операційної діяльності підприємств з розподілом на великі, середні та малі. Підкреслено необхідність підвищення ефективності діяльності підприємств. Проаналізовано структуру ВВП за видами економічної діяльності, динаміку енергоємності ВВП України. Виявлено основні проблеми в цій сфері та надано рекомендації щодо їх вирішення.The problems of effective functioning of the economic entities at micro- and macroeconomic levels have been examined in the article. The subject of the research is the theoretical propositions and practical recommendations concerning the analysis of the economic entities effective functioning at the microeconomic and macroeconomic levels. The aim of this article is to analyze the efficiency of the economic entities functioning at the micro and macro levels, to identify the main problems in this area and to provide the recommendations for their solution. Such methods as analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, system approach, and statistical and graphical ones are used in the article. The indices characterizing the efficiency of the enterprise functioning such as the profitability of operating activity both as for the types of the enterprises economic activity and as for their division into large, medium and small ones have been analyzed. The most profitable types of economic activity have been highlighted. It has been found out that large and medium-sized enterprises show higher profitability, while small enterprises, including the micro-enterprises, have lower profitability indices. It has been noted that both the microenvironmental factors and the macroenvironmental ones influence the efficiency of the enterprises. The main problems in this area connected, first of all, with the settlement of the insolvency issues, protection of investors and taxation have been revealed. The structures of gross domestic product (GDP) according to the types of economic activity and the dynamics of the Ukrainian GDP energy intensity have been analyzed. The necessity to increase the efficiency of enterprises, especially in those areas that have low profitability occupying a relatively high share of GDP, and those that are significant for the future development of the country, which will significantly improve the efficiency of the resource employment at the macroeconomic level, has been emphasized. The results of the research can be used in practice to improve the efficiency of the economic entities at the micro- and macroeconomic levels.