Оцінка кредитного ризику у фінансовій діяльності банку
Дата
2021
ORCID
DOI
Науковий ступінь
Рівень дисертації
Шифр та назва спеціальності
Рада захисту
Установа захисту
Науковий керівник
Члени комітету
Назва журналу
Номер ISSN
Назва тому
Видавець
Причорноморський науково-дослідний інститут економіки та інновацій
Анотація
У статті розглянуто теоретичні питання щодо змістовності та оцінки кредитного ризику банку. Виділено види кредитного ризику та наведено характеристику кожного з них. Розраховуючи кредитний ризик, банк об’єднує фінансові активи відповідно до нормативного акту – "Положення про визначення банками України кредитного ризику за активними банківськими операціями". Указано показники EL, PD, LGD, EAD, які оцінюють кредитний ризик згідно з положенням. Розглянуто динаміку нормативів кредитного ризику банківської системи України за 2009–2019 рр. Статистичні дані показують, що в 2019 р. практично за всіма показниками половинау кредитного портфеля становлять непрацюючі кредити. Непрацюючі (недіючі) кредити – це кредити, які є сумнівними або безнадійними до повернення. Якість кредитного портфеля з такою часткою недіючих кредитів являє собою чинник гальмування та системний ризик. Розрахунки, наведені у статті, свідчать, що найбільший кредитний ризик мають державні банки, частка непрацюючих кредитів не зменшується навіть до 60%. Банки з державною часткою, не включаючи "ПриватБанк", намагаються знизити рівень ризиків кредитування. Наведено рекомендації щодо мінімізації банківського ризику у фінансовій діяльності.
The purpose of the article is to study the current state of assessment and management of credit risk of banks, analysis of the regulatory framework governing credit risk management and the formation of reserves for active operations, as well as identifying ways to stimulate credit activity of banks in modern conditions. The main factors of credit risk by types of credit risks are presented. Particular attention is paid to individual and portfolio credit risk. The types of active operations on which determine the credit risk are defied. The general essence of commercial risk and directly credit risk of commercial banks is considered. Situations which can promote occurrence of credit risks in commercial banks are considered, and also methods and strategy of management by risks of commercial banks are developed. The article considers theoretical issues regarding the content and assessment of credit risk of the bank. The types of credit risk are identifid and the characteristics of each of them are given. The complexity of the implementation and maintenance of such management systems is inversely proportional to the effiiency of the use of bank capital, that is, the more complex the method of calculating the risk – the less capital to be deducted on it. When calculating credit risk, the bank consolidates fiancial assets in accordance with the regulatory act – "Regulations on the determination of credit risk by banks of Ukraine for active banking operations". Indicators of EL, PD, LGD, EAD are assessed, which assess credit risk according to the regulations. The dynamics of credit risk standards of the banking system of Ukraine for 2009-2019 is considered. Statistics show that in 2019, almost all indicators of the loan portfolio are non-performing loans. Non-performing loans are loans that are doubtful or uncollectible until repayment. The quality of the loan portfolio with such a share of non-performing loans is a factor of inhibition and systemic risk. The calculations presented in the article show that state banks have the greatest credit risk, the share of non-performing loans does not decrease, even to 60%. Banks with a state share, not including Privatbank, are trying to reduce the level of lending risks. Recommendations for minimizing banking risk in fiancial activities are given.
The purpose of the article is to study the current state of assessment and management of credit risk of banks, analysis of the regulatory framework governing credit risk management and the formation of reserves for active operations, as well as identifying ways to stimulate credit activity of banks in modern conditions. The main factors of credit risk by types of credit risks are presented. Particular attention is paid to individual and portfolio credit risk. The types of active operations on which determine the credit risk are defied. The general essence of commercial risk and directly credit risk of commercial banks is considered. Situations which can promote occurrence of credit risks in commercial banks are considered, and also methods and strategy of management by risks of commercial banks are developed. The article considers theoretical issues regarding the content and assessment of credit risk of the bank. The types of credit risk are identifid and the characteristics of each of them are given. The complexity of the implementation and maintenance of such management systems is inversely proportional to the effiiency of the use of bank capital, that is, the more complex the method of calculating the risk – the less capital to be deducted on it. When calculating credit risk, the bank consolidates fiancial assets in accordance with the regulatory act – "Regulations on the determination of credit risk by banks of Ukraine for active banking operations". Indicators of EL, PD, LGD, EAD are assessed, which assess credit risk according to the regulations. The dynamics of credit risk standards of the banking system of Ukraine for 2009-2019 is considered. Statistics show that in 2019, almost all indicators of the loan portfolio are non-performing loans. Non-performing loans are loans that are doubtful or uncollectible until repayment. The quality of the loan portfolio with such a share of non-performing loans is a factor of inhibition and systemic risk. The calculations presented in the article show that state banks have the greatest credit risk, the share of non-performing loans does not decrease, even to 60%. Banks with a state share, not including Privatbank, are trying to reduce the level of lending risks. Recommendations for minimizing banking risk in fiancial activities are given.
Опис
Ключові слова
ризик, фінансова діяльність, банк, кредитний ризик, Національний банк України, risk, fiancial activity, bank, credit risk, National Bank of Ukraine
Бібліографічний опис
Другова О. С. Оцінка кредитного ризику у фінансовій діяльності банку / О. С. Другова, С. В. Клепікова, В. В. Романів // Причорноморські економічні студії. – 2021. – Вип. 63. – С. 118-123.