Бічні сили, що діють на колеса мостових кранів, і деякі методи їх зниження

Abstract

Значне число мостових кранів мають пошкодження конструкції, що виникають в результаті дії бічних навантажень на ходові колеса, однією з причин виникнення яких є неточності установки коліс і непрямолінійність рейкового шляху. У статті розглядається процес виникнення бічних сил і питання оптимізації цих параметрів, а також переваги використання коліс з чавуну з кулястим графітом на підставі емпіричних даних і окремих конструктивних рішень.

Elements of the steel structures of bridge cranes are exposed to the side loads that arise during the movement. As a result, multiple fatigue damage occurs, the nature of which allows you to judge the complexity of power influences. The determination of the corresponding loads is possible only with significant errors, which is connected, first of all, with the lack of knowledge of the contact-frictional phenomena taking place when rolling the wheels on the rails with the bias of the plane of rotation relative to the direction of motion. The numerical results of experimental measurements of the coefficient of transverse coupling in the function of skew of crane wheels and pressure on contact pads are given. The data has a significant spread, in addition, they are sensitive to various additional factors that are practically not evaluable, such as surface condition and rolling frequency. The solution to the problem today is hampered by the objective complexity and high cost of the necessary experiments. In this regard, the most important practical measures that reduce the level of side loads are considered. First of all, it is the applying of known solutions aimed at providing the necessary precision of wheel alignment and straightness of the rail path, as well as the use of laser sights for control measurements. In addition, the question of optimization of the level of accuracy is raised, referring to the practice of the company "Demag", which is important to prevent the disproportionate increase in the value of the product. The advantages of using nodular cast iron wheels are considered. It is assumed that the main benefit from the use of these wheels can be explained by lower values of transverse coupling forces in contact with the rail.