Кафедра "Хімічна техніка та промислова екологія"

Постійне посилання колекціїhttps://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/7479

Офіційний сайт кафедри http://web.kpi.kharkov.ua/htpe

Від 1999 року кафедра має назву "Хімічна техніка та промислова екологія", попередня назва – кафедра механічного устаткування хімічних виробництв.

Кафедра механічного устаткування хімічних виробництв була організована 18 жовтня 1946 року у складі факультету технології неорганічних речовин Харківського хіміко-технологічного інституту. Становлення кафедри пов’язане з іменами доцентів Георгія Веніаміновича Петрова, М. Ковальова, Абрама Натановича Цейтліна, Анісіма Рудольфовича (Рувиновича) Ястребнецького . У 1960 році на базі кафедри створено Факультет хімічного машинобудування.

Кафедра входить до складу Навчально-наукового інституту механічної інженерії і транспорту Національного технічного університету "Харківський політехнічний інститут".

У складі науково-педагогічного колективу кафедри працюють: 2 доктора та 14 кандидатів технічних наук, 4 доктора філософії; 3 співробітника мають звання професора, 12 – доцента.

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Influence of structural descriptions of underbody of bicarbonate columns on duration of period of their operation and ecologization of process
(РС Tесhnology Cеntеr, 2021) Porokhnia, Mykola; Shestopalov, Oleksii; Bukhkalo, Svitlana; Novozhylova, Tetiana
Object of research: optimization of the operation period of bicarbonate columns by optimizing their design features. Investigated problem: increasing the efficiency, environmental friendliness and dura tion of the bicarbonate columns by optimizing the design of the sludge discharge unit. Main scientific results: the article analyzes the main design features of bicarbonate columns for the production of purified sodium bicarbonate. A relationship has been es tablished between the design of the apparatus, the intensity of mixing and the duration of the apparatus operation without stopping for washing. On the basis of the existing prob lems, laboratory and industrial experiments were carried out at one of the soda plants, aimed at increasing the efficiency of operation of the bicarbonate columns of the purified sodium bicarbonate shop. So, due to the modernization of the design of the sludge un loading unit and the identification of the optimal amount and month of the location of the mesh trays, an increase of 1.5-2 times in the duration of operation of the columns without stopping for washing was achieved. This contributed to an increase in plant productivity and environmental friendliness of the process due to a decrease in the amount of liquid waste generated during the washing of the column equipment. Area of practical use of the research results: enterprises for the production of purified sodium bicarbonate of food and pharmaceutical quality. Innovative technological product: design solutions for bicarbonate columns and the technology of carbonization of soda-bicarbonate solution for the production of purified sodium bicarbonate. Scope of application of the innovative technological product: soda production, food and pharmaceutical industries.
Identification of the oxidation and hydrolysis products content influence on the rapeseed oil oxidation induction period
(Technology center PC, 2024) Stankevych, Serhii; Gorbunov, Kostiantyn; Zabrodina, Inna; Popov, Mykola; Kalyna, Viktoriia; Novozhylova, Tetiana; Falalieieva, Tetiana; Ovsiannikova, Tetiana; Ponomarova, Maryna; Zolotarov, Andrii
The object of the study is the dependence of the induction period of rapeseed oil on the content of oxidation and hydrolysis products. A feature of the work is determining the approximation dependence of the induction period of accelerated oxidation of refined rapeseed oil on the content of primary oxidation products and free fatty acids. This is useful when predicting the shelf life of refined rapeseed oil. It was determined that both factors negatively affect the oxidation stability of refined rapeseed oil. An increase in the peroxide value decreases the induction period of model oil samples by 32.8512 units for each additional mmol ½ O/kg. In turn, increasing the acid value of oil samples reduces the induction period by 19.8424 units for each additional mg KOH/g. Different oxidation dynamics of model samples of refined rapeseed oil with tocopherol were revealed, depending on the concentration of primary oxidation and hydrolysis products. The obtained data are explained by the fact that the primary lipid oxidation products are unstable and quickly decompose to form free radicals. These radicals initiate further lipid oxidation, resulting in reduced oil quality. In addition, free fatty acids are more reactive than triglycerides and are more easily oxidized. A feature of the obtained results is the possibility of modeling processes that affect the oxidation stability of refined rapeseed oil. From a practical point of view, the research results allow initiating measures to maintain the safety of oil-containing food products based on refined rapeseed oil. An applied aspect of using the scientific results is the possibility of rationalizing the storage conditions of refined rapeseed oil to maximize its shelf life and increase competitiveness.
Determination of the influence of hemp oil-based emulsion systems composition on the oxidation products content during storage
(Technology center PC, 2024) Kunitsia, Ekaterina; Popov, Mykola; Gontar, Tatiana; Stankevych, Serhii; Zabrodina, Inna; Stepankova, Galyna; Zolotukhina, Olena; Filenko, Olesia; Novozhylova, Tetiana; Nechyporenko, Dmytro
The object of the study is the content of antioxidants and the induction period of accelerated oxidation under simulated conditions of the lipid component of the emulsion system. The way to solve the problem of developing compositions of oxidation-stable emulsion systems based on nutritionally valuable oils, in particular hemp oil, by adding natural physiologically active antioxidants is considered. The research is relevant in the context of finding effective storage methods and extending the shelf life of products using hemp oil. The feature of the work lies in determining the influence of the composition of emulsion systems based on hemp oil on chemical oxidation during storage. The content of stabilizers in the hemp oil emulsion system (lecithin – 0.8...1.0 %; xanthan gum – 0.0...0.1 %) is proposed, which is effective in the inhibition of oxidative spoilage. The content range of β-carotene (0.012 %) in model emulsion systems is outlined, the addition of which increases the induction period of accelerated lipid oxidation by 1.58...2.08 times. The peroxide value of the lipid component of the emulsion system during storage at different temperature conditions (0...15 °C) and during different storage periods (15...60 days) was studied. The results of the study confirm the significant influence of the composition of emulsion systems on the chemical oxidation of the lipid component, which is important for ensuring the quality and stability of food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. An applied aspect of the obtained scientific result is the possibility of modeling the composition of emulsion systems based on valuable hemp oil depending on the ratio of polyfunctional antioxidants of the oil component.
Defining features in the kinetics of sodium carbonate-bicarbonate solution carbonization and the quality of the resulting sodium bicarbonate crystals
(Технологический центр, 2021) Porokhnia, Mykola; Tseitlin, Musii; Bukhkalo, Svitlana; Panasenko, Vladimir; Novozhylova, Tetiana
This paper reports a study into the influence of temperature and gas consumption on the carbonization kinetics (saturation with carbon dioxide) of sodium carbonate-bicarbonate solution. The study also examined the quality and speed of crystal formation in this process. This research is predetermined by the environmental problems faced by modern enterprises that produce purified sodium bicarbonate – an insufficient degree of carbonization and, as a result, excessive air pollution with carbon dioxide, which did not participate in the reaction during the process. This study addresses these particular issues. As a result of using specialized laboratory equipment, it was found that an increase in the absorbent temperature from 79 to 85 °C leads to a decrease in the maximum degree of carbonization of the solution from 64 to 59 %. In contrast, the quality of the resulting sodium bicarbonate crystals improves but only in the range from 79 to 82 °C. With a further increase in temperature, the quality stabilizes. It is shown that the carbonization rate increases with increasing specific consumption of the absorbent (carbon dioxide) and is characterized by a negative correlation with the value of oversaturation of the absorbent in terms of NaНCO₃. The quality of sodium bicarbonate crystals decreases with increasing gas velocity. Thus, it was reasonable to assume that the established dependence of the kinetics of carbonization of Na₂CO₃ and NaНCO₃ solution on the gas velocity in the apparatus is explained by the inhibition of СО₂ absorption, which is caused by the diffusion resistance of sodium bicarbonate crystallization. To improve the quality of crystals and the productivity of carbonization by reducing the supersaturation in terms of NaНCO₃, it is recommended to introduce a seed crystal in the zone of binding of crystals in the carbonization columns.
Development of safe technology of obtaining fatty acid monoglycerides using a new catalyst
(ПП "Технологічний Центр", 2022) Bliznjuk, O. N.; Masalitina, N. Yu.; Mezentseva, Iryna; Novozhylova, Tetiana; Korchak, Mykola; Haliasnyi, Ivan; Gavrish, Tatiana; Fomina, Iryna; Khalil, Viktoriya; Nikitchenko, Olga
Fatty acid monoglycerides are a valuable component of the products of various industries. The emulsifying ability of monoglycerides is used in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food production. The process of fatty acid monoglycerides obtaining by the reaction of vegetable hydrogenated fat (salomas) with glycerol (glycerolysis method) has been studied. Potassium glycerate is used as a catalyst, which is characterized by high efficiency and safety of production and use. A feature of the work is the study of the dependence of the yield and melting point of monoglycerides on the technological parameters of glycerolysis. As a raw material, hydrogenated refined fat according to DSTU 5040 (CAS Number 68334-28-1) was used: melting point – 48 °C, mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances – 0.08 %, acid value – 0.25 mg KOH/g, peroxide value – 2.8 ½ O mmol/kg. In all experiments, the glycerolysis temperature was 180 °C, the catalyst concentration – 0.5 % in terms of metal. Rational conditions for glycerolysis were determined: duration (90 min.) and glycerol concentration (50 %). Under these conditions, the monoglycerides yield was 32.9 %, melting point – 61.5 °C. The mass fraction of free glycerol in monoglycerides was 1.0 %, acid value – 2.2 mg KOH/g. The efficiency of monoglycerides obtaining using potassium hydroxide and glycerol mixture as a catalyst under certain rational conditions has been studied. The monoglycerides yield of 30.1 %, melting point of 59 °C were obtained. Therefore, the use of potassium glycerate catalyst is more efficient. The results of the study make it possible to improve the technology for the production of fatty acid monoglycerides using a new catalyst and use resources rationally.