Кафедра "Хімічна техніка та промислова екологія"

Постійне посилання колекціїhttps://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/7479

Офіційний сайт кафедри http://web.kpi.kharkov.ua/htpe

Від 1999 року кафедра має назву "Хімічна техніка та промислова екологія", попередня назва – кафедра механічного устаткування хімічних виробництв.

Кафедра механічного устаткування хімічних виробництв була організована 18 жовтня 1946 року у складі факультету технології неорганічних речовин Харківського хіміко-технологічного інституту. Становлення кафедри пов’язане з іменами доцентів Георгія Веніаміновича Петрова, М. Ковальова, Абрама Натановича Цейтліна, Анісіма Рудольфовича (Рувиновича) Ястребнецького . У 1960 році на базі кафедри створено Факультет хімічного машинобудування.

Кафедра входить до складу Навчально-наукового інституту механічної інженерії і транспорту Національного технічного університету "Харківський політехнічний інститут".

У складі науково-педагогічного колективу кафедри працюють: 2 доктора та 14 кандидатів технічних наук, 4 доктора філософії; 3 співробітника мають звання професора, 12 – доцента.

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Influence of structural descriptions of underbody of bicarbonate columns on duration of period of their operation and ecologization of process
(РС Tесhnology Cеntеr, 2021) Porokhnia, Mykola; Shestopalov, Oleksii; Bukhkalo, Svitlana; Novozhylova, Tetiana
Object of research: optimization of the operation period of bicarbonate columns by optimizing their design features. Investigated problem: increasing the efficiency, environmental friendliness and dura tion of the bicarbonate columns by optimizing the design of the sludge discharge unit. Main scientific results: the article analyzes the main design features of bicarbonate columns for the production of purified sodium bicarbonate. A relationship has been es tablished between the design of the apparatus, the intensity of mixing and the duration of the apparatus operation without stopping for washing. On the basis of the existing prob lems, laboratory and industrial experiments were carried out at one of the soda plants, aimed at increasing the efficiency of operation of the bicarbonate columns of the purified sodium bicarbonate shop. So, due to the modernization of the design of the sludge un loading unit and the identification of the optimal amount and month of the location of the mesh trays, an increase of 1.5-2 times in the duration of operation of the columns without stopping for washing was achieved. This contributed to an increase in plant productivity and environmental friendliness of the process due to a decrease in the amount of liquid waste generated during the washing of the column equipment. Area of practical use of the research results: enterprises for the production of purified sodium bicarbonate of food and pharmaceutical quality. Innovative technological product: design solutions for bicarbonate columns and the technology of carbonization of soda-bicarbonate solution for the production of purified sodium bicarbonate. Scope of application of the innovative technological product: soda production, food and pharmaceutical industries.
The results of surface wastewater treatment of a machine-building enterprise from petroleum product contamination
(National Institute of Research and Development in Mechatronics and Measurement Technique, 2024) Bosiuk, Alona; Shkop, Andrii; Kulinich, Serhii; Loboiko, Viacheslav; Sakun, Antonina; Shestopalov, Oleksii; Filenko, Olesya
Petroleum pollution is an urgent and serious problem that has a negative impact on environmental safety and the state of the environment. Petroleum products that enter water resources cause a number of negative consequences, including water and soil pollution, reduced quality of natural ecosystems, as well as threats to biodiversity and human health. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of methods for treating surface wastewater of a machine-building enterprise from poll ution by petroleum products. In the course of the work, the results of cleaning the surface wastewater of the machine-building enterprise from pollution by petroleum products, samples of which were taken from the rainwater intake well at different depths – 30, 60 and 80 cm. A purification scheme has been developed and optimized, which includes the introduction of Al2(SO4)3 coagulant and A-19 flocculant into wastewater. Purification efficiency is achieved at about 95% at optimal reagent doses of 60-80 mg/L coagulant and 2-2.5 mg/L flocculant. The advantage of the conducted studies is the possibility of using the obtained data and methods for the analysis of wastewater with a similar composition of contaminants. It has been experimentally established that the simultaneous administration of reagents or the use of only one of them has lower efficiency and leads to insufficient purification of water from petroleum products. Neutralization of ion resistance contributes to the formation of coagulation structures, and to increase them it is recommended to use a flocculant to form and increase the size of aggregates. The results of the studies confirmed the prospect of using flotation to further separate the emerging petroleum flocculi, which allows to reduce the amount of reagents used and improve the efficiency of water treatment. The obtained data are important for practical application in the field of wastewater treatment from petroleum products at machine-building enterprises, contributing to the improvement of the quality of water resources and compliance with environmental safety requirements.
Green areas state assessment within the urban territories
(Scientific Route OÜ, 2022) Shestopalov, Oleksii; Tykhomyrova, Tetyana; Lebedev, Volodymyr; Stadnik, Veronika
The urbanized environment is a complex heterogeneous system that is constantly changing. In large cities, there is a complex stress effect on living organisms. Different areas of the city may be permanently or temporarily dominated by a cer tain stress factor. Vegetation is a component of urban landscapes, which are natural and artificial objects of various functional purposes. The ecological functions of green spaces include: environmental protection, environmental regulation and aesthetic functions. All these functions play an important role within residential buildings, especially in children’s playgrounds. Various types of damage to green spaces negatively affect their main functions. The susceptibility to damage of woody plants by insects depends on anthropogenic factors of the environment, which lead to the weakening of plants and to the loss of resistance to these types of negative influences. The resistance of plants to diseases often decreases under the influence of transport and industrial pollution in the external environment. The purpose of the study is phytopathological analysis of the green areas state on children’s playgrounds in Kharkiv. Green plantations state assessment methods of urban areas using various technical means are analyzed. Green plantings condition and morbidity analysis using one of the offered methods is carried out. Accord ing to the results of phytopathological analysis, it was determined that 100 % of the species Aesculus hippocastanum L., which grow on playgrounds in Kharkiv, are affected by Cameraria ohridella. Among the bushes, Syringa vulgaris L. and Spiraea L. are the most affected by diseases and pests.
Studying patterns in the flocculation of sludges from wet gas treatment in metallurgical production
(PC Technology center, 2019) Shestopalov, Oleksii; Briankin, Oleksandr; Tseitlin, Musii; Raiko, Valentina; Hetta, Oksana S.
The influence of a solid phase concentration in the model sludges of wet gas purification, as well as the flocculant consumption, on a change in the solid phase sedimentation rate and the strength of floccules has been examined. This is important because fluctuations in the solid phase concentration in waste water represent an uncontrolled process that significantly affects the kinetics of the solid phase sedimentation and leads to an increase in the flocculant consumption. We have proposed a procedure for determining the sedimentation rate of the flocculated sludge and the strength of floccules following the hydromechanical influence, which takes into consideration the solid phase concentration and the flocculant consumption. The study was carried out on model waste water, synthesized by mixing the dust from dry gas purification at actual production site with water. It has been determined that the solid phase concentration affects the rate of floccule deposition. It has been established that the optimum conditions for aggregate formation within a given model system are observed at the solid phase concentration in the interval 8–12 g/l. Increasing the solid phase concentration above 16 g/l decreases the floccule sedimentation rate disproportionately to the flocculant concentration. It is possible to reduce flocculant consumption and to optimize its dosage by carrying out a cleaning process taking into consideration the specified patterns. It was established that the hydromechanical influence on aggregates exerts the destructive effect, whose degree depends on the solid phase concentration. In particular, increasing the rate of fluid motion leads to greater damage to floccules than increasing the time for a less intense exposure. The way to minimize the destructive effect on floccules could be lowering the suspension transportation speed resulting from a decrease in the installation performance or through the increased cross-section of the channel (a pipeline). An increase in the solid phase concentration of the model system above 16 g/l is accompanied by a significant reduction in the strength of floccules. Therefore, when designing wastewater treatment plants that utilize flocculants, it is necessary to provide optimum conditions for aggregation and to minimize the hydromechanical effects on floccules by lowering the velocity of fluid motion.
Development of methods for estimating the environmental risk of degradation of the surface water state
(PC Technology center, 2018) Rybalova, O.; Artemiev, Sergey; Sarapina, M.; Tsymbal, Bohdan; Bakhareva, A. ; Shestopalov, Oleksii; Filenko, O.
We presented three new methods for assessment of the environmental risk of deterioration of a surface water state. We defined the ecological risk of deterioration of surface water at the state level as an addition of the integrated parameter of the state of surface waters and the integral index of anthropogenic loading. We used the official information of the National Report on the state of the environment of Ukraine to calculate the mentioned indicators. We developed classifications of anthropogenic loading on aquatic ecosystems and ecological risk of deterioration of water ecosystems. The assessment of the ecological risk of deterioration of surface water state in Ukraine showed that there are watercourses of the Siversky Donets river basin in the most dangerous state. A base of the methodology for assessment of the risk of water ecosystem well-being disruption is the determination of all parameters of the state of quality of surface waters that exceed the ecological standards using the probit-regression model. The process of determining ecological risk for watercourses of the Siversky Donets river basin in Kharkiv region showed a high level of danger to the well-being of the water ecosystem of the Udi river. We obtained the forecast of climatic changes by parameters of temperature and volumes of precipitation in Kharkiv region. We investigated the dynamics of wastewater discharge to the Udi river for the period from 1992 to 2016. The study on an influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on the ecological state of the Udi river revealed that the impact of wastewater discharge with a correlation coefficient of 0.747 is a significant factor. The application of a new methodology for assessment of the risk of degradation processes made it possible to determine a list of small rivers in Kharkiv region, which require implementation of measures based on the analysis of water use efficiency, taking into consideration landscape and ecological features of a catchment area. We proposed an algorithm for the improvement of water protection strategy based on determining the ecological risk of deterioration of the condition of surface water at the state, regional and local levels. The improvement of water preservation strategy aims at introduction of an integrated interactive surface water quality management.
Establishing the regularities in forming the properties of ceramic wall materials containing waste from gas extraction (drilling sludge)
(PC Technology Center, 2020) Rykusova, N.; Shestopalov, Oleksii; Shchukina, L.; Yashchenko, L.; Stanovska, I.; Muradian, A.; Ocheretna, V.
This paper addresses the prospects of recycling waste from oil and gas extraction in order to manufacture building materials. The principal possibility has been established to apply the examined samples of drilling sludge as the basic raw material and a mineral additive in the compositions of masses to produce wall ceramics with the required consumer properties. The main technological parameters for obtaining wall ceramics using the samples of gas extraction waste have been investigated. The formulations for ceramic masses have been developed applying fusible medium-sintered loam and drilling sludge in the amount of 20–80 % by weight. The properties of the obtained ceramic samples containing clay and high-carbonate drilling sludges have been analyzed. It has been found that increasing the amount of drilling sludge in the samples by 20 % to 80 % leads to a decrease in the density, strength, and an increase in the water absorption of the samples, which affects the quality of ceramics and the possibility of its practical use. We have established the regularities of change in the properties of the wall materials samples depending on the amount of the examined drilling sludge. The optimal number of drilling sludge samples for the manufacture of wall ceramics with the norm-compliant properties has been determined. It has been found that it is possible to use clay drilling sludge (20‒80 %) in the composition with fusible loam in order to obtain frost-resistant ceramic materials whose water absorption is at the level of 12 %, of grade M 125‒M 175. Adding high carbonate sludge to fusible loam in the amount of 20 % makes it possible to receive frost-resistant ceramic materials of grade M 75, in the amount of 40 % ‒ of grade M 100.