Кафедра "Українознавство, культурологія та історія науки"

Постійне посилання колекціїhttps://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/4372

Офіційний сайт кафедри http://web.kpi.kharkov.ua/ukin

Кафедра "Українознавство, культурологія та історія науки" створена в 2018 році на основі об’єднання кафедр: "Етика, естетика та історія культури" (від 1977), "Історія науки і техніки" (від 2004) і "Політична історія" (1920-ті рр.).

Кафедра входить до складу Навчально-наукового інституту соціально-гуманітарних технологій Національного технічного університету "Харківський політехнічний інститут". Основою концепції виховної роботи є гуманізація й гуманітаризація всього навчального процесу.

У складі науково-педагогічного колективу кафедри працюють: 1 доктор історичних наук, 8 кандидатів історичних наук, 3 – філософських, 2 – технічних, 1 філологічних; 1 співробітник має звання професора, 13 – доцента.

Переглянути

Результати пошуку

Зараз показуємо 1 - 10 з 13

The development of agriculture in Germany and its impact on the agricultural sector of Ukraine over the past century
(ТВОРИ, 2024-05-23) Gutnyk, Maryna
Urban planning in Ukraine from the 19th to the early 20th century: integration of science and state management
(Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2024) Tverytnykova, Olena; Gutnyk, Maryna; Heinemann, Manfred
The research is dedicated to analyzing the process of urbanization, particularly the formation and development of cities in northeastern Ukraine at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th cen. Special attention is given to the city of Kharkiv and the activities of its mayor, Oleksandr Kostiantynovych Pohorelko (1848–1912). The importance of urban studies as a key direction of humanities research that determines the development of the nation, community, and state is justified. The main tasks faced by the city during that period, such as the municipalization of the economy and the expansion of the city’s rights to private property objects, are highlighted. The role of scientists and researchers, including D. I. Bahalii and M. F. Sumtsov, in promoting the modernization of the city through active participation in municipal authorities is discussed. As a result of the research, significant contributions of O. K. Pohorelko and his colleagues to the development and improvement of Kharkiv at the end of the 19th cen. are identified. The conclusions of the research emphasize the importance of combining scientific potential and civic activism for the implementation of infrastructure development projects in the city.
Abram Slutskin and Radiophysics in Ukraine of the First Half of the 20th Century: World Dimension
(Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2022) Tverytnykova, Elena; Gutnyk, Maryna
The article discusses the scientific and pedagogical activity of the outstanding Ukrainian radiophysicist Abram Slutskin in the context of the development of world radiophysical research. It is substantiated that the theoretical works of the scientist defined a new direction of research in Ukraine, namely the radar, and were important for the development of ultrahigh frequency physics. Innovative research initiated by Abram Slutskin found application in new defense technologies, military equipment, and special devices for medicine, biology, navigation, communications, household television and the radio industry. The article proves that Abram Slutskin had priority in launching research in the field of biophysics in Ukraine. The research on the use of ultrahigh frequencies for treatment of oncological patients carried out by scientists were unique for that time. Abram Slutskin᾽s graduate students became well-known specialists, who further developed the scientist’s ideas by initiating innovative areas of research and creating new institutions. We have grounds to consider Abram Slutskin as one of the founders of the Ukrainian scientific radio-physical school.
The Fe-C diagram – History of its evolution
(Державний університет інфраструктури та технологій, 2023-12-24) Gutnyk, Maryna; Nürnberger, Florian
The evolution of concepts and methods of physical and chemical science that contributed to the formation of the Fe-C diagram during the previous centuries is considered. Despite the classical knowledge, there are still differences in the representation of the Fe-C diagram by scientists from different countries, in particular, the data of scientists from Germany, Poland, Ukraine, the USA, and Australia are somewhat mismatched. The authors tried to understand the reasons for this discrepancy. To conduct the research, general scientific methods of cognition were used: comparative analysis and synthesis, as well as a chronological one. It is claimed that the first studies of carbon content in steel were carried out in 1802. Further research development began in 1827–1829 when it was established that graphite is pure carbon. It is emphasized that further studies of carbon content in steel and cast iron are connected with attempts to create the first graphs of dependence on content and temperature. This, in turn, contributed to the development of the industrial revolution. It is believed that the first complete diagram was presented in 1897 by Roberts-Austen. Later, with the use of X-ray methods and microscopy, the Fe-C diagram gradually took on a new form. At the beginning of the 20th century, scientists actively proposed their phase diagrams. Studies conducted by scientists of different countries during 1909–1911 gained a consolidation, which was produced at the 6th Congress of the International Association for testing materials meeting into the unification of the names of phase transformations. Further research until the beginning of the Second World War was aimed at the creation of “pure” steel, that is, without harmful impurities, and clarifying the transformation temperatures. The period of the Great Depression in the USA and the war in Europe did not contribute to scientific research. At the same time, for the mass production of steel and cast iron, errors in critical points of a few degrees did not have a significant impact, that is, refining the temperatures of phase transformations were not considered appropriate. Today’s trend in scientific research is aimed at solving environmental problems caused by the industrial revolution.
Ecological Urban Planning of Ukrainian Cities in the Late 19th – Early 20th Cent.: Tram Traffic and Research in the Field of Electric Traction (to the 130th Anniversary of the 1st Electric Tram in Ukraine)
(Національний технічний університет України "Київський політехнічний інститут ім. Ігоря Сікорського", 2022) Tverytnykova, Olena; Gutnyk, Maryna; Salata, Halyna
The main goal of the study is to reveal the peculiarities of the emergence and formation of the tram system, as well as to outline the impact of using this type of urban transport on the urbanization of Ukrainian cities in the late 19th – early 20th cent. It is claimed that this type of transport was and still remains the most environmentally friendly. The forerunner of the electric tram – horse-drawn – had several significant shortcomings: its introduction was limited by the terrain and the life expectancy of the animal. Further attempts to use the steam engine were also unsuccessful. The creation of the electric tram expanded the use of public transport. Belgian companies played a significant role in the introduc- tion of tram transport in Ukraine. The popularity of electric trams contributed to further research in the field of electric traction and the construction of tram cars, as well as the design of cities in general. A number of Ukrainian scientists played a remarkable role in the development of tramways, such as Fedir Pirot- skyi, Hryhorii Dubelir, Pavlo Kopniaiev, Oleksandr Pohorelko, Ivan Nekrasov, Oleksandr Potebnia, and others. Nowadays, the research on public transport and a thorough analysis of the extensive use of trams are particularly important in the face of environmental problems in large cities of Ukraine.
The origins of electrical engineering studies in the Ukraine and their shaping under the influence of the European scientific school (the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries)
(Instytut Historii Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2021) Gutnyk, Maryna; Tverytnykova, Olena; Chrzan, Krystian Leonard
The deployment of electrical engineering research in the second half of the 19 and at the beginning of the 20th c. is shown. The great attention is focused onthe economic circumstances of the development of theoretical electrical engineering. Emphasis is placed on the leading role of Lviv Polytechnic. The names of professors who were at the origins of electrical engineering education in Lviv, Kyiv, Kharkiv and Odesa are given. It is claimed that the European School of ElectricalEngineering directly influenced the development of relevant research in Ukraine.
The contribution of Kharkiv enterprises to the rocket and space industry development
(Національна академія наук України, 2021) Larin, A. A.; Gutnyk, Maryna; Tkachenko, S. S.; Horielova, S. O.
The article reviews the contribution of Ukrainian enterprises to the development of the rocket and space industry. The most important part of a space or combat ballistic missile is the control system (CS), on which the success of its application depends. Kharkov enterprises – the “Kommunar” plant and the Design Bureau “Electropriborostroenia” (SDB-692, now the RPA “Khartron”) were the largest manufacturers of control systems not only in Ukraine, but throughout the Soviet Union. These systems were not only produced serially, but also developed at these enterprises. The formation and development of Kharkov enterprises of the space industry is the most important page in the history of the development of not only cosmonautics, but also science and technology. Despite the large number of works devoted to the development of the rocket and space technology in Ukraine, the history of the development and production of control systems has not been sufficiently studied. Due to the secrecy of work in the field of the rocket and space technology (RST), there are very few sources for studying the history of its creation. Therefore, the most important part of the work was interviewing the leading experts of SDB-692 in the field of the rocket and spacecraft control systems, namely with A. M. Kalnoguz, Yu. A. Kuznetsov, V. Ya. Makarenko, V. G. Sukhorebrov and V. A. Uralov. Based on these interviews, a special fund was created in the Central State Scientific and Technical Archive of Ukraine. Control systems for many combat ballistic missiles, including P-7, P-7A, P-12, P-16, as well as the most powerful missile in the world P-36M2, which was named in the USA “Satana” (SS-18 “Satan”), “Proton”, “Zenith”, “Energia” and “Cyclone” launch vehicles, “Kvant”, “Kvant-2”, “Crystal”, “Priroda”, “Spectrum” orbital modules, more than 150 satellites of the “Cosmos” series and other objects were developed and serial produced at Kharkov enterprises. In the 1970s, SDB-692 created the USSR᾽s first onboard digital electronic computer. On its basis, a test and launch complex “Electronic launch” was developed, designed for pre-launch testing of control systems for ballistic missiles and launch vehicles.
Lifelong education. Challenges and prospects
(СПД "Охотнік", 2021) Gutnyk, Maryna; Tkachenko, Svitlana; Gapochenko, S. D.
135 lat Politechniki Charkowskiej
(Politechniki Gdańskiej, 2020) Gutnyk, Maryna; Chrzan, Krystian Leonard
W pracy opisano 135 letnią historię Politechniki Charkowskiej, jednej z najstarszych uczelni technicznych Imperium Rosyjskiego i niepodległej Ukrainy. Po zniesieniu pańszczyzny w Rosji w 1861 roku powstały warunki do rozwoju przemysłu. Brak kadry technicznej spowodował konieczność zorganizowania uczelni technicznych. Profesorowie Politechniki Charkowskiej stanowili trzon kadry młodszych Politechnik w Imperium Rosyjskim i ZSRR.
Professors of the Kharkiv Technological Institute: unknown pages of biography
(Державний університет інфраструктури та технологій, 2020) Tverytnykova, Elena; Gutnyk, Maryna; Salata, Halyna
The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive historical and scientific analysis of the life and scientific and organizational activities of professors of the Kharkiv Technological Institute Oleksii Khinkulov and Pavlo Dedusenko, using the study of scientific literature and involved archival materials. On the basis of the involvement of unknown and little-known archival documents, a historical reconstruction of the creative activity of scientists was conducted; in particular, the little-known period of their life in 1940-1946 was studied in detail. A comprehensive analysis of the scientific activities of Oleksii Khinkulov was carried out, his contribution to the formation of the electrical industry was determined. His role in the development of scientific research in the field of radio engineering in Ukraine was emphasized. He headed one of the largest radio engineering club in Ukraine. The social activities of Oleksii Khinkulov were investigated, it was found that for a long time he worked as deputy chairman, and then as chairman of the All-Ukrainian Association of Engineers, which united the teams of research departments of technical institutions of Ukraine. The scientific and organizational activities of Professor Oleksii Khinkulov certainly contributed to the development of electrical engineering science and education both in Kharkov and in Ukraine. He was one of the organizers and promoters of the radio engineering direction in Ukraine, participated in the work of public organizations and electrical congresses. His colleague at KhTI, Professor of chemistry Pavlo Dedusenko, is undoubtedly an outstanding person. As an active member of various charities, he worked hard for the public. These are both scientific societies and various social projects. A supporter of Ukrainian nationalism, he strove for the Independence of Ukraine, the development of Ukrainian culture. Repressed in 1945, the scientist died in the concentration camp in 1946. In 1991, due to the lack of evidence confirming the guilt of Pavlo Dedusenko, the professor was rehabilitated.