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Документ Models of the Universe: ontological and physical problems(International Society of Philosophy and Cosmology (ISPC), 2022) Vladlenova, Iliana; Kalnytskyi, EduardThe primary target of this paper is a philosophical analysis of modern models of the universe in cosmology. Understanding the existence of being is directly related to understanding both the world and oneself. An important characteristic of ontology is time, matter, space which forms the ontological horizon of presence. Ontology tries to describe the fundamental principles of our universe in a comprehensive and consistent way, but the more the system includes different levels and objects, the more difficult it is to make an ontological description, especially when it comes to the structure of the universe. Cosmology historically develops in the bosom of ontological discourse, as it tries to describe the fundamental structure, nature, and dynamics of the universe. In this paper, we identify the concept of the Bipolar Universe. According to this model, two mirror-symmetric parallel universes were formed during the Big Bang. Within the framework of this concept, the problem of baryogenesis is solved. It is possible to allow some interaction between two parallel universes, for example, the correlation of the motion of matter and solve the monopole problem. The article describes the hypothesis of the existence of mirror matter. The formation of ideas about the structure of our world articulates the ontological question of what reality is and what its metaphysical essence is. Three important ontological categories: time, space, and matter, form the ontological basis of the structure of our universe.Документ Ontological Prerequisites for the Emergence of Scientific Cosmology in the Context of the Emergence and Development of the Scientific Thinking(International Society of Philosophy and Cosmology (ISPC), 2024) Tararoev, Jakov; Horodyska, Olga; Dolska, OlgaThe article argues that scientific cosmology, the study of the Universe’s origin, evolution, and structure, remains an essential and integral part of scientific thinking. The article traces the roots of scientific thinking back to ancient Greek philosophy, particularly the work of Plato and Aristotle. These philosophers were the first to provide a clear justification for scientific knowledge, laying the foundation for its development in subsequent centuries. However, modern science no longer accepts their justifications as definitive. This raises the question: how can scientific thinking function without the traditional foundations laid by the Greeks? The article proposes a solution: general concepts can objectively exist as a property of the inherent uniformity and isotropy of space and time. This is not limited to just geometric and physical forms but extends to social, cultural, and other realms. Space can be understood as having dimensions, sets of characteristics used to define an object. These “spaces” are abstract constructs humans create to solve specific problems. The same object can occupy homogenous or heterogeneous spaces, depending on the problem being tackled. Time, unlike space, is irreversible and intrinsically anisotropic. However, it can be considered quasi-isotropic and quasi-homogeneous in some specific cases. The development of these concepts of homogeneity and heterogeneity in both physical (geometric) space and time constitutes the foundation of scientific cosmology.